Internet Verse Search Commentaries Word Analysis ITL - draft

Matthew 12:4

Context
NET ©

how he entered the house of God and they ate 1  the sacred bread, 2  which was against the law 3  for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests? 4 

NIV ©

He entered the house of God, and he and his companions ate the consecrated bread—which was not lawful for them to do, but only for the priests.

NASB ©

how he entered the house of God, and they ate the consecrated bread, which was not lawful for him to eat nor for those with him, but for the priests alone?

NLT ©

He went into the house of God, and they ate the special bread reserved for the priests alone. That was breaking the law, too.

MSG ©

how they entered the sanctuary and ate fresh bread off the altar, bread that no one but priests were allowed to eat?

BBE ©

How he went into the house of God and took for food the holy bread which it was not right for him or for those who were with him to take, but only for the priests?

NRSV ©

He entered the house of God and ate the bread of the Presence, which it was not lawful for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests.

NKJV ©

"how he entered the house of God and ate the showbread which was not lawful for him to eat, nor for those who were with him, but only for the priests?


KJV
How
<4459>
he entered into
<1525> (5627) <1519>
the house
<3624>
of God
<2316>_,
and
<2532>
did eat
<5315> (5627)
the shewbread
<740> <4286>_,
which
<3739>
was
<2258> (5713)
not
<3756>
lawful
<1832> (5752)
for him
<846>
to eat
<5315> (5629)_,
neither for
<3761>
them which
<3326>
were with him
<846>_,
but
<1508>
only
<3441>
for the priests
<2409>_?
NASB ©
how
<4459>
he entered
<1525>
the house
<3624>
of God
<2316>
, and they ate
<2068>
the consecrated
<4286>
bread
<740>
, which
<3739>
was not lawful
<1832>
for him to eat
<2068>
nor
<3761>
for those
<3588>
with him, but for the priests
<2409>
alone
<3441>
?
GREEK
pwv
<4459>
ADV
eishlyen
<1525> (5627)
V-2AAI-3S
eiv
<1519>
PREP
ton
<3588>
T-ASM
oikon
<3624>
N-ASM
tou
<3588>
T-GSM
yeou
<2316>
N-GSM
kai
<2532>
CONJ
touv
<3588>
T-APM
artouv
<740>
N-APM
thv
<3588>
T-GSF
proyesewv
<4286>
N-GSF
efagon
<2068> (5627)
V-2AAI-3P
o
<3739>
R-NSN
ouk
<3756>
PRT-N
exon
<1832> (5901)
V-PQP-NSN
hn
<1510> (5713)
V-IXI-3S
autw
<846>
P-DSM
fagein
<5315> (5629)
V-2AAN
oude
<3761>
ADV
toiv
<3588>
T-DPM
met
<3326>
PREP
autou
<846>
P-GSM
ei
<1487>
COND
mh
<3361>
PRT-N
toiv
<3588>
T-DPM
iereusin
<2409>
N-DPM
monoiv
<3441>
A-DPM
NET © [draft] ITL
how
<4459>
he entered
<1525>
the house
<3624>
of God
<2316>
and
<2532>
they ate
<2068>
the sacred
<4286>
bread
<740>
, which
<3739>
was
<1510>
against
<3756>
the law
<1832>
for him
<846>
or
<3761>
his
<846>
companions
<3326>
to eat
<5315>
, but
<1487>

<3361>
only
<3441>
for the priests
<2409>
?
NET ©

how he entered the house of God and they ate 1  the sacred bread, 2  which was against the law 3  for him or his companions to eat, but only for the priests? 4 

NET © Notes

tc The Greek verb ἔφαγεν (efagen, “he ate”) is found in a majority of witnesses (Ì70 C D L W Θ Ë1,13 33 Ï latt sy co) in place of ἔφαγον (efagon, “they ate”), the wording found in א B pc. ἔφαγεν is most likely motivated by the parallels in Mark and Luke (both of which have the singular).

tn Grk “the bread of presentation.”

sn The sacred bread refers to the “bread of presentation,” “showbread,” or “bread of the Presence,” twelve loaves prepared weekly for the tabernacle and later, the temple. See Exod 25:30; 35:13; 39:36; Lev 24:5-9. Each loaf was made from 3 quarts (3.5 liters; Heb “two tenths of an ephah”) of fine flour. The loaves were placed on a table in the holy place of the tabernacle, on the north side opposite the lampstand (Exod 26:35). It was the duty of the priest each Sabbath to place fresh bread on the table; the loaves from the previous week were then given to Aaron and his descendants, who ate them in the holy place, because they were considered sacred (Lev 24:9). See also Mark 2:23-28, Luke 6:1-5.

sn Jesus’ response to the charge that what his disciples were doing was against the law is one of analogy: “If David did it for his troops in a time of need, then so can I with my disciples.” Jesus is clear that on the surface there was a violation here. What is not as clear is whether he is arguing a “greater need” makes this permissible or that this was within the intention of the law all along.

sn See 1 Sam 21:1-6.



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