¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

² map For location see Map1 D3; Map2 C2; Map3 D5; Map4 C1; Map5 G3.

³ tn Or “was submitting.”

⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast.

⁵ tn Or “all these words.”

⁶ sn On the phrase his mother kept all these things in her heart compare Luke 2:19.

⁷ tn Grk “And after.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁸ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

⁹ sn See the note on tax collectors in 3:12.

¹⁰ sn It is possible that Levi is a second name for Matthew, because people often used alternative names in 1st century Jewish culture.

¹¹ tn While “tax office” is sometimes given as a translation for τελώνιον (telwnion; so L&N 57.183), this could give the modern reader a false impression of an indoor office with all its associated furnishings.

sn The tax booth was a booth located on the edge of a city or town to collect taxes for trade. There was a tax booth in Capernaum, which was on the trade route from Damascus to Galilee and the Mediterranean. The “taxes” were collected on produce and goods brought into the area for sale, and were a sort of “sales tax” paid by the seller but obviously passed on to the purchaser in the form of increased prices (L&N 57.183). It was here that Jesus met Levi (also named Matthew [see Matt 9:9]) who was ultimately employed by the Romans, though perhaps more directly responsible to Herod Antipas. It was his job to collect taxes for Rome and he was thus despised by Jews who undoubtedly regarded him as a traitor.

¹² sn Follow me. For similar calls on the part of Jesus see Luke 5:10-11; 9:23, 59; 18:22.

¹³ tn Grk “Now it happened that in.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

¹⁴ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁵ tn Or “to a mountain” (εἰς τὸ ὅρος, eis to Joro").

sn The expression to the mountain here may be idiomatic or generic, much like the English “he went to the hospital” (cf. 15:29), or even intentionally reminiscent of Exod 24:12 (LXX), since the genre of the Sermon on the Mount seems to be that of a new Moses giving a new law.

¹⁶ sn This is the only time all night prayer is mentioned in the NT.

¹⁷ tn This is an objective genitive, so prayer “to God.”

¹⁸ sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.

¹⁹ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

²⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate that Jesus’ action was the result of the Pharisee’s invitation.

²¹ tn Grk “and reclined at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.

²² tn Grk “And it happened that some time.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

²³ tn Καθεξῆς (Kaqexh") is a general temporal term and need not mean “soon afterward”; see Luke 1:3; Acts 3:24; 11:4; 18:23 and L&N 61.1.

²⁴ tn Or “cities.”

²⁵ sn The combination of preaching and proclaiming the good news is a bit emphatic, stressing Jesus’ teaching ministry on the rule of God.

²⁶ sn The kingdom of God is a major theme of Jesus. It is a realm in which Jesus rules and to which those who trust him belong. See Luke 6:20; 11:20; 17:20-21.

²⁷ tn Grk “And the.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

²⁸ sn A sower went out to sow. The background for this well-known parable is a field through which a well-worn path runs in the Palestinian countryside. Sowing would occur in late fall or early winter (October to December) in the rainy season, looking for sprouting in April or May and a June harvest. The use of seed as a figure for God’s giving life has OT roots: Isa 55:10-11.

²⁹ tn Luke’s version of the parable, like Mark’s (cf. Mark 4:1-9) uses the collective singular to refer to the seed throughout, so singular pronouns have been used consistently throughout this parable in the English translation. However, the parallel account in Matt 13:1-9 begins with plural pronouns in v. 4 but then switches to the collective singular in v. 5 ff.

³⁰ tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).

³¹ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate a conclusion and transition in the narrative.

³² tn The words “of pigs” are supplied because of the following verb in English, “were drowned,” which is plural.

³³ tn Grk “your house.”

³⁴ tn Or “describe.”

³⁵ sn Jesus instructs the man to declare what God has done for him, in contrast to the usual instructions (e.g., 8:56; 9:21) to remain silent. Here in Gentile territory Jesus allowed more open discussion of his ministry. D. L. Bock (Luke [BECNT], 1:781) suggests that with few Jewish religious representatives present, there would be less danger of misunderstanding Jesus’ ministry as political.

³⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the man’s response to Jesus’ instructions.

³⁷ tn Or “city.”

³⁸ sn Note that the man could not separate what God had done from the one through whom God had done it (what Jesus had done for him). This man was called to witness to God’s goodness at home.

³⁹ tn Grk “Now it happened that about.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

⁴⁰ tn Matt 17:1 and Mark 9:2 specify the interval more exactly, saying it was the sixth day. Luke uses ὡσεί (Jwsei, “about”) to give an approximate reference.

⁴¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴² tn Grk “And he.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁴³ tn Grk “sent messengers before his face,” an idiom.

⁴⁴ tn Grk “And going along, they entered.” The aorist passive participle πορευθέντες (poreuqente") has been taken temporally. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁴⁵ tn Or “to prepare (things) for him.”

⁴⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁴⁷ tc Most mss have “into the house” (Ì^3vid א C L Ξ 33 579 pc) or “into her house” (א¹ A C² D W Θ Ψ 070 Ë^1,13 Ï lat) at the end of the sentence. But the English translation masks the multitude of variants: Different forms of “house” (οἰκίαν [oikian], οἶκον [oikon]) and “her” occur (see TCGNT 129). These variations argue against authenticity; they no doubt arose because of the abrupt ending of the sentence (the Greek is more literally translated simply as “Martha received him”), prompting copyists to add the location. The shorter reading is found in Ì^45,75 B sa.

tn For the meaning “to welcome, to have as a guest” see L&N 34.53.

⁴⁸ tn The use of the aorist infinitive here should probably be translated “as he spoke” rather than “while he was speaking” (see ExSyn 595). The Pharisee did not necessarily interrupt Jesus to issue the invitation.

⁴⁹ sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.

⁵⁰ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁵¹ tn Grk “and reclined at table,” as 1st century middle eastern meals were not eaten while sitting at a table, but while reclining on one’s side on the floor with the head closest to the low table and the feet farthest away.

⁵² tn Or “the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.

⁵³ tn Or “terribly.”

⁵⁴ tn For this term see L&N 33.183.

⁵⁵ tn Grk “Now it happened that one.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.

⁵⁶ tn Grk “to eat bread,” an idiom for participating in a meal.

⁵⁷ tn Grk “a ruler of the Pharisees.” He was probably a synagogue official.

⁵⁸ sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.

⁵⁹ sn Watching…closely is a graphic term meaning to lurk and watch; see Luke 11:53-54.

⁶⁰ tn Grk “joined himself to” (in this case an idiom for beginning to work for someone).

⁶¹ tn Grk “and he.” Here the conjunction καί (kai) and the personal pronoun have been translated by a relative pronoun to improve the English style.

⁶² sn To a Jew, being sent to the field to feed pigs would be an insult, since pigs were considered unclean animals (Lev 11:7).

⁶³ tn Καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁶⁴ tn The participle πορευθέντες (poreuqente") is a good example of an adverbial participle of attendant circumstance. As such, it picks up the force of an imperative from the verb to which it is related (ExSyn 640-45).

⁶⁵ sn These are the instructions of what to do with a healing (Lev 13:19; 14:1-11; Luke 5:14).

⁶⁶ tn Grk “And it happened that as.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

⁶⁷ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative. The parable Jesus tells here actually addresses the question put to him by the leaders.

⁶⁸ tc ‡ There are several variants here, most of which involve variations in word order that do not affect translation. However, the presence or absence of τις (ti") after ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo"), which would be translated “a certain man,” does affect translation. The witnesses that have τις include A W Θ Ë¹³ 1241 2542 al sy. Those that lack it include א B C D L Ψ Ë¹ 33 Ï it. Externally, the evidence is significantly stronger for the omission. Internally, however, there is some pause. A feature unique to Luke-Acts in the NT is to use the construction ἄνθρωπος τις (cf. 10:30; 12:16; 14:2, 16; 15:11; 16:1; 19:12; Acts 9:33). However, scribes who were familiar with this idiom may have inserted it here. In light of the overwhelming external support for the omission of τις, the shorter reading is preferred. NA²⁷ places τις in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity.

⁶⁹ sn The vineyard is a figure for Israel in the OT (Isa 5:1-7). The nation and its leaders are the tenants, so the vineyard here may well refer to the promise that resides within the nation. The imagery is like that in Rom 11:11-24.

⁷⁰ sn The leasing of land to tenant farmers was common in this period.

⁷¹ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” since vv. 37-38 serve as something of a summary or transition from the discourse preceding to the passion narrative that follows.

⁷² tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷³ tn Grk “in the temple.”

⁷⁴ tn Grk “and spent the night,” but this is redundant because of the previous use of the word “night.”

⁷⁵ tn Grk “at the mountain called ‘of Olives.’”

sn See the note on the phrase Mount of Olives in 19:29.

⁷⁶ tn The full title στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ (strathgo" tou Jierou; “officer of the temple” or “captain of the temple guard”) is sometimes shortened to στρατηγός as here (L&N 37.91).

⁷⁷ tn Luke uses this frequent indirect question to make his point (BDF §267.2).

⁷⁸ tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷⁹ tn Grk “how he might hand him over to them,” in the sense of “betray him.”

⁸⁰ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

⁸¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁸² tn Grk “went.”

⁸³ sn See the note on the Mount of Olives in Luke 19:29.

⁸⁴ sn The first day of the week is the day after the Sabbath.

⁸⁵ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the women mentioned in 23:55) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁸⁶ tn On this term see BDAG 140-41 s.v. ἄρωμα. See also the note on “aromatic spices” in 23:56.

⁸⁷ sn While the others dismissed the report of the women, Peter got up and ran to the tomb, for he had learned to believe in what the Lord had said.

⁸⁸ sn In most instances the entrance to such tombs was less than 3 ft (1 m) high, so that an adult would have to bend down and practically crawl inside.

⁸⁹ tn In the NT this term is used only for strips of cloth used to wrap a body for burial (LN 6.154; BDAG 693 s.v. ὀθόνιον).

⁹⁰ tn Or “went away, wondering to himself.” The prepositional phrase πρὸς ἑαυτόν (pros Jeauton) can be understood with the preceding verb ἀπῆλθεν (aphlqen) or with the following participle θαυμάζων (qaumazwn), but it more likely belongs with the former (cf. John 20:10, where the phrase can only refer to the verb).

⁹¹ sn Peter’s wondering was not a lack of faith, but struggling in an attempt to understand what could have happened.

⁹² tc Some Western mss (D it) lack 24:12. The verse has been called a Western noninterpolation, meaning that it reflects a shorter authentic reading in D and other Western witnesses. Many regard all such shorter readings as original (the verse is omitted in the RSV), but the ms evidence for omission is far too slight for the verse to be rejected as secondary. It is included in Ì⁷⁵ and the rest of the ms tradition.

⁹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

⁹⁴ tn Here the pronoun αὐτόν (auton), referring to Jesus, is in an emphatic position. The one thing they lacked was solid evidence that he was alive.

⁹⁵ tn Grk “urged him, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes, “saying”) has not been translated because it is redundant in contemporary English.

⁹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ request.