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Leviticus 6:17

Context
6:17 It must not be baked with yeast. 1  I have given it as their portion from my gifts. It is most holy, 2  like the sin offering and the guilt offering.

Leviticus 8:16

Context
8:16 Then he 3  took all the fat on the entrails, the protruding lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys and their fat, 4  and Moses offered it all up in smoke on the altar, 5 

Leviticus 8:25

Context

8:25 Then he took the fat (the fatty tail, 6  all the fat on the entrails, the protruding lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys and their fat 7 ) and the right thigh, 8 

Leviticus 8:28

Context
8:28 Moses then took them from their palms and offered them up in smoke on the altar 9  on top of the burnt offering – they were an ordination offering for a soothing aroma; it was a gift to the Lord.

Leviticus 10:17

Context
10:17 “Why did you not eat the sin offering in the sanctuary? For it is most holy and he gave it to you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, 10  to make atonement on their behalf before the Lord.

Leviticus 11:35

Context
11:35 Anything their carcass may fall on will become unclean. An oven or small stove must be smashed to pieces; they are unclean, and they will stay unclean 11  to you.

Leviticus 13:39

Context
13:39 the priest is to examine them, 12  and if 13  the bright spots on the skin of their body are faded white, it is a harmless rash that has broken out on the skin. The person is clean. 14 

Leviticus 16:34

Context
16:34 This is to be a perpetual statute for you 15  to make atonement for the Israelites for 16  all their sins once a year.” 17  So he did just as the Lord had commanded Moses. 18 

Leviticus 17:8

Context

17:8 “You are to say to them: ‘Any man 19  from the house of Israel or 20  from the foreigners who reside 21  in their 22  midst, who offers 23  a burnt offering or a sacrifice

Leviticus 17:13

Context

17:13 “‘Any man from the Israelites 24  or from the foreigners who reside 25  in their 26  midst who hunts a wild animal 27  or a bird that may be eaten 28  must pour out its blood and cover it with soil,

Leviticus 20:4-5

Context
20:4 If, however, the people of the land shut their eyes 29  to that man 30  when he gives some of his children to Molech so that they do not put him to death, 20:5 I myself will set my face against that man and his clan. I will cut off from the midst of their people both him and all who follow after him in spiritual prostitution, 31  to commit prostitution by worshiping Molech. 32 

Leviticus 20:11-13

Context
20:11 If a man has sexual intercourse with his father’s wife, he has exposed his father’s nakedness. 33  Both of them must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves. 34  20:12 If a man has sexual intercourse with his daughter-in-law, both of them must be put to death. They have committed perversion; 35  their blood guilt is on themselves. 20:13 If a man has sexual intercourse with a male as one has sexual intercourse with a woman, 36  the two of them have committed an abomination. They must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.

Leviticus 20:16

Context
20:16 If a woman approaches any animal to have sexual intercourse with it, 37  you must kill the woman, and the animal must be put to death; their blood guilt is on themselves.

Leviticus 20:19

Context
20:19 You must not expose the nakedness of your mother’s sister and your father’s sister, for such a person has laid bare his own close relative. 38  They must bear their punishment for iniquity. 39 

Leviticus 20:27

Context
Prohibition against Spiritists and Mediums

20:27 “‘A man or woman who 40  has in them a spirit of the dead or a familiar spirit 41  must be put to death. They must pelt them with stones; 42  their blood guilt is on themselves.’”

Leviticus 24:14

Context
24:14 “Bring the one who cursed outside the camp, and all who heard him are to lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation is to stone him to death. 43 

Leviticus 25:45

Context
25:45 Also you may buy slaves 44  from the children of the foreigners who reside with you, and from their families that are 45  with you, whom they have fathered in your land, they may become your property.

Leviticus 26:13

Context
26:13 I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, from being their slaves, 46  and I broke the bars of your yoke and caused you to walk upright. 47 

1 tn Heb “It must not be baked leavened” (cf. Lev 2:11). The noun “leaven” is traditional in English versions (cf. KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV), but “yeast” is more commonly used today.

2 tn Heb “holiness of holinesses [or holy of holies] it is”; cf. NAB “most sacred.”

3 tn Again, Aaron probably performed the slaughter and collected the fat parts (v. 16a), but Moses presented it all on the altar (v. 16b; cf. the note on v. 15 above).

4 sn See Lev 3:3-4 for the terminology of fat and kidneys here.

5 tn Heb “toward the altar” (see the note on Lev 1:9).

6 tn See Lev 3:9.

7 tn See Lev 8:16.

8 tn See Lev 7:32-34.

9 tn Heb “toward the altar” (see the note on Lev 1:9).

10 sn This translation is quite literal. On the surface it appears to mean that the priests would “bear the iniquity” of the congregation by the act of eating the sin offering (so J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:622-25, 635-40). Such a notion is, however, found nowhere else in the Levitical regulations and seems unlikely (so J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 136). A more likely interpretation is reflected in this interpretive rendering: “he gave it to you [as payment] for [your work of] bearing the iniquity of the congregation.” The previous section of the chapter deals with the prebends that the priests received for performing the ministry of the tabernacle (Lev 10:12-15). Lev 10:16-18, therefore, seems to continue the very same topic in the light of the most immediate situation (see R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 2:702-4).

11 tn Heb “be unclean.”

12 tn Heb “and the priest shall see.”

13 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).

14 tn Heb “he,” but the regulation applies to a man or a woman (v. 38a). In the translation “the person” is used to specify the referent more clearly.

15 tn Heb “And this shall be for you to a statute of eternity” (cf. v. 29a above). cf. NASB “a permanent statute”; NIV “a lasting ordinance.”

16 tn Heb “from”; see note on 4:26.

17 tn Heb “one [feminine] in the year.”

18 tn The MT of Lev 16:34b reads literally, “and he did just as the Lord had commanded Moses.” This has been retained here in spite of the fact that it suggests that Aaron immediately performed the rituals outlined in Lev 16 (see, e.g., J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 224 and 243; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:1059; note that Aaron was the one to whom Moses was to speak the regulations in this chapter, v. 2). The problem is that the chapter presents these procedures as regulations for “the tenth day of the seventh month” and calls for their fulfillment at that time (Lev 16:29; cf. Lev 23:26-32 and the remarks in P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 237), not during the current (first) month (Exod 40:2; note also that they left Sinai in the second month, long before the next seventh month, Num 10:11). The LXX translates, “once in the year it shall be done as the Lord commanded Moses,” attaching “once in the year” to this clause rather than the former one, and rendering the verb as passive, “it shall be done” (cf. NAB, NIV, etc.). We have already observed the passive use of active verbs in this context (see the note on v. 32 above). The RSV (cf. also the NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT) translates, “And Moses did as the Lord commanded him,” ignoring the fact that the name Moses in the Hebrew text has the direct object indicator. Passive verbs, however, regularly take subjects with direct object indicators (see, e.g., v. 27 above). The NIV renders it “And it was done, as the Lord commanded Moses,” following the LXX passive translation. The NASB translates, “And just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so he did,” transposing the introductory verb to the end of the sentence and supplying “so” in order to make it fit the context.

19 tn Heb “Man, man.” The repetition of the word “man” is distributive, meaning “any [or “every”] man” (GKC 395-96 §123.c; cf. Lev 15:2).

20 tn Heb “and.” Here the Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) has an alternative sense (“or”).

21 tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

22 tc The LXX, Syriac, and Vulgate have “your” (plural) rather than “their.”

23 tn Heb “causes to go up.”

24 tc A few medieval Hebrew mss, Smr, and Tg. Ps.-J. have “from the house of Israel” as in vv. 3, 8, and 10, but the LXX agrees with the MT.

25 tn Heb “from the sojourner who sojourns.”

26 tc The LXX, Syriac, Vulgate, and certain mss of Smr have “your” (plural) rather than “their” (cf. v. 10 above).

27 tn Heb “[wild] game of animal.”

28 tn That is, it must be a clean animal, not an unclean animal (cf. Lev 11).

29 tn Heb “And if shutting [infinitive absolute] they shut [finite verb].” For the infinitive absolute used to highlight contrast rather than emphasis see GKC 343 §113.p.

30 tn Heb “from that man” (so ASV); NASB “disregard that man.”

31 tn The adjective “spiritual” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that this is not a reference to literal prostitution, but figuratively compares idolatry to prostitution.

32 tn Heb “to commit harlotry after Molech.” The translation employs “worshiping” here for clarity (cf. NAB, NCV, TEV, CEV, NLT). On the “cut off” penalty see the note on Lev 7:20.

33 sn See the note on Lev 18:7 above.

34 tn See the note on v. 9 above.

35 tn The Hebrew term תֶּבֶל (tevel, “perversion”) derives from the verb “to mix; to confuse” (cf. KJV, ASV “they have wrought confusion”).

36 tn Heb “[as the] lyings of a woman.” The specific reference here is to homosexual intercourse between males.

37 tn Heb “to copulate with it” (cf. Lev 20:16).

38 tn Heb “his flesh.”

39 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.

40 tc Smr, LXX, Syriac, and some Targum mss have the relative pronoun אֲשֶׁר (’asher, “who, which”), rather than the MT’s כִּי (ki, “for, because, that”).

41 tn See the note on the phrase “familiar spirit” in Lev 19:31 above.

42 tn This is not the most frequently-used Hebrew verb for stoning, but a word that refers to the action of throwing, slinging, or pelting someone with stones (see the note on v. 2 above). Smr and LXX have “you [plural] shall pelt them with stones.”

sn At first glance Lev 20:27 appears to be out of place but, on closer examination, one could argue that it constitutes the back side of an envelope around the case laws in 20:9-21, with Lev 20:6 forming the front of the envelope (note also that execution of mediums and spiritists by stoning in v. 27 is not explicitly stated in v. 6). This creates a chiastic structure: prohibition against mediums and spiritists (vv. 6 and 27), variations of the holiness formula (vv. 7 and 25-26), and exhortations to obey the Lord’s statutes (and judgments; vv. 8 and 22-24). Again, in the middle are the case laws (vv. 9-21).

43 tn The words “to death” are supplied in the translation as a clarification; they are clearly implied from v. 16.

44 tn The word “slaves” is not in the Hebrew text, but is implied here.

45 tn Heb “family which is” (i.e., singular rather than plural).

46 tn Heb “from being to them slaves.”

47 tn In other words, to walk as free people and not as slaves. Cf. NIV “with (+ your CEV, NLT) heads held high”; NCV “proudly.”



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