Discovery BoxLeviticus 5:2 
Context5:2 Or when there is 1 a person who touches anything ceremonially 2 unclean, whether the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or the carcass of an unclean domesticated animal, or the carcass of an unclean creeping thing, even if he did not realize it, 3 but he himself has become unclean and is guilty; 4
Leviticus 5:4
Context5:4 or when a person swears an oath, speaking thoughtlessly 5 with his lips, whether to do evil or to do good, with regard to anything which the individual might speak thoughtlessly in an oath, even if he did not realize it, but he himself has later come to know it and is guilty with regard to one of these oaths 6 –
Leviticus 5:7
Context5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, 7 he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, 8 two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 9 to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.
Leviticus 5:11
Context5:11 “‘If he cannot afford 10 two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 11 he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed 12 a tenth of an ephah 13 of choice wheat flour 14 for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.
Leviticus 5:17
Context5:17 “If a person sins and violates any of the Lord’s commandments which must not be violated 15 (although he did not know it at the time, 16 but later realizes he is guilty), then he will bear his punishment for iniquity 17
Leviticus 7:12
Context7:12 If he presents it on account of thanksgiving, 18 along with the thank offering sacrifice he must present unleavened loaves mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers smeared with olive oil, 19 and well soaked 20 ring-shaped loaves made of choice wheat flour 21 mixed with olive oil.
Leviticus 7:18
Context7:18 If some of the meat of his peace offering sacrifice is ever eaten on the third day it will not be accepted; it will not be accounted to the one who presented it, since it is spoiled, 22 and the person who eats from it will bear his punishment for iniquity. 23
Leviticus 10:19
Context10:19 But Aaron spoke to Moses, “See here! 24 Just today they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the Lord and such things as these have happened to me! If I had eaten a sin offering today would the Lord have been pleased?” 25
Leviticus 12:8
Context12:8 If she cannot afford a sheep, 26 then she must take two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 27 one for a burnt offering and one for a sin offering, and the priest is to make atonement on her behalf, and she will be clean.’” 28
Leviticus 13:3-6
Context13:3 The priest must then examine the infection 29 on the skin of the body, and if the hair 30 in the infection has turned white and the infection appears to be deeper than the skin of the body, 31 then it is a diseased infection, 32 so when the priest examines it 33 he must pronounce the person unclean. 34
13:4 “If 35 it is a white bright spot on the skin of his body, but it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, 36 and the hair has not turned white, then the priest is to quarantine the person with the infection for seven days. 37 13:5 The priest must then examine it on the seventh day, and if, 38 as far as he can see, the infection has stayed the same 39 and has not spread on the skin, 40 then the priest is to quarantine the person for another seven days. 41 13:6 The priest must then examine it again on the seventh day, 42 and if 43 the infection has faded and has not spread on the skin, then the priest is to pronounce the person clean. 44 It is a scab, 45 so he must wash his clothes 46 and be clean.
Leviticus 13:20
Context13:20 The priest will then examine it, 47 and if 48 it appears to be deeper than the skin 49 and its hair has turned white, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean. 50 It is a diseased infection that has broken out in the boil. 51
Leviticus 13:25
Context13:25 the priest must examine it, 52 and if 53 the hair has turned white in the bright spot and it appears to be deeper than the skin, 54 it is a disease that has broken out in the burn. 55 The priest is to pronounce the person unclean. 56 It is a diseased infection. 57
Leviticus 13:28
Context13:28 But if the bright spot stays in its place, has not spread on the skin, 58 and it has faded, then it is the swelling of the burn, so the priest is to pronounce him clean, 59 because it is the scar of the burn.
Leviticus 13:30-31
Context13:30 the priest is to examine the infection, 60 and if 61 it appears to be deeper than the skin 62 and the hair in it is reddish yellow and thin, then the priest is to pronounce the person unclean. 63 It is scall, 64 a disease of the head or the beard. 65 13:31 But if the priest examines the scall infection and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, 66 and there is no black hair in it, then the priest is to quarantine the person with the scall infection for seven days. 67
Leviticus 13:34
Context13:34 The priest must then examine the scall on the seventh day, and if 68 the scall has not spread on the skin and it does not appear to be deeper than the skin, 69 then the priest is to pronounce him clean. 70 So he is to wash his clothes and be clean.
Leviticus 13:51
Context13:51 He must then examine the infection on the seventh day. If the infection has spread in the garment, or in the warp, or in the woof, or in the leather – whatever the article into which the leather was made 71 – the infection is a malignant disease. It is unclean.
Leviticus 13:55
Context13:55 The priest must then examine it after the infection has been washed out, and if 72 the infection has not changed its appearance 73 even though the infection has not spread, it is unclean. You must burn it up in the fire. It is a fungus, whether on the back side or front side of the article. 74
Leviticus 14:21
Context14:21 “If the person is poor and does not have sufficient means, 75 he must take one male lamb as a guilt offering for a wave offering to make atonement for himself, one-tenth of an ephah of choice wheat flour mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil, 76
Leviticus 15:25
Context15:25 “‘When a woman’s discharge of blood flows 77 many days not at the time of her menstruation, or if it flows beyond the time of her menstruation, 78 all the days of her discharge of impurity will be like the days of her menstruation – she is unclean.
Leviticus 20:17-18
Context20:17 “‘If a man has sexual intercourse with 79 his sister, whether the daughter of his father or his mother, so that he sees her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is a disgrace. They must be cut off in the sight of the children of their people. 80 He has exposed his sister’s nakedness; he will bear his punishment for iniquity. 81 20:18 If a man has sexual intercourse with a menstruating woman and uncovers her nakedness, he has laid bare her fountain of blood and she has exposed the fountain of her blood, so both of them 82 must be cut off from the midst of their people.
Leviticus 22:3
Context22:3 Say to them, ‘Throughout your generations, 83 if any man from all your descendants approaches the holy offerings which the Israelites consecrate 84 to the Lord while he is impure, 85 that person must be cut off from before me. 86 I am the Lord.
Leviticus 22:13
Context22:13 but if a priest’s daughter is a widow or divorced, and she has no children so that she returns to live in 87 her father’s house as in her youth, 88 she may eat from her father’s food, but no lay person may eat it.
Leviticus 25:28
Context25:28 If he has not prospered enough to refund 89 a balance to him, then what he sold 90 will belong to 91 the one who bought it until the jubilee year, but it must revert 92 in the jubilee and the original owner 93 may return to his property.
Leviticus 25:47
Context25:47 “‘If a resident foreigner who is with you prospers 94 and your brother becomes impoverished with regard to him so that 95 he sells himself to a resident foreigner who is with you or to a member 96 of a foreigner’s family,
Leviticus 27:8
Context27:8 If he is too poor to pay the conversion value, he must stand the person before the priest and the priest will establish his conversion value; 97 according to what the man who made the vow can afford, 98 the priest will establish his conversion value.
Leviticus 27:16
Context27:16 “‘If a man consecrates to the Lord some of his own landed property, the conversion value must be calculated in accordance with the amount of seed needed to sow it, 99 a homer of barley seed being priced at fifty shekels of silver. 100
1 tc The insertion of the words “when there is” is a reflection of the few Hebrew
2 tn The word “ceremonially” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the uncleanness involved is ritual or ceremonial in nature.
3 tn Heb “and it is hidden from him,” meaning that the person who contracted the ceremonial uncleanness was not aware at the time what had happened, but later found out that he had become ceremonially unclean. This same phrase occurs again in both vv. 3 and 4.
4 sn Lev 5:2-3 are parallel laws of uncleanness (contracted from animals and people, respectively), and both seem to assume that the contraction of uncleanness was originally unknown to the person (vv. 2 and 3) but became known to him or her at a later time (v. 3; i.e., “has come to know” in v. 3 is to be assumed for v. 2 as well). Uncleanness itself did not make a person “guilty” unless he or she failed to handle it according to the normal purification regulations (see, e.g., “wash his clothes and bathe with water, and he will be unclean till evening,” Lev 15:5 NIV; cf. Lev 11:39-40; 15:5-12, 16-24; Num 19, etc.). The problem here in Lev 5:2-3 is that, because the person had not been aware of his or her uncleanness, he or she had incurred guilt for not carrying out these regular procedures, and it would now be too late for that. Thus, the unclean person needs to bring a sin offering to atone for the contamination caused by his or her neglect of the purity regulations.
5 tn Heb “to speak thoughtlessly”; cf. NAB “rashly utters an oath.”
6 tn Heb “and is guilty to one from these,” probably referring here to any of “these” things about which one might swear a thoughtless oath (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 45), with the word “oath” supplied in the translation for clarity. Another possibility is that “to one from these” is a dittography from v. 5 (cf. the note on v. 5a), and that v. 4 ends with “and is guilty” like vv. 2 and 3 (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:300).
7 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).
8 tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the
9 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.
10 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.
11 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).
12 tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the
13 sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”
14 tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.
15 tn Heb “and does one from all of the commandments of the
16 tn The words “at the time” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied.
17 tn Heb “and he did not know, and he shall be guilty and he shall bear his iniquity” (for the rendering “bear his punishment [for iniquity]”) see the note on Lev 5:1.) This portion of v. 17 is especially difficult. The translation offered here suggests (as in many other English versions) that the offender did not originally know that he had violated the
18 tn Or “for a thank offering.”
19 tn See the notes on Lev 2:4.
20 tn See the note on Lev 6:21 [6:14 HT].
21 tn Heb “choice wheat flour well soaked ring-shaped loaves.” See the note on Lev 2:1.
22 tn Or “desecrated,” or “defiled,” or “forbidden.” For this difficult term see J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:422. Cf. NIV “it is impure”; NCV “it will become unclean”; NLT “will be contaminated.”
23 tn Heb “his iniquity he shall bear” (cf. Lev 5:1); NIV “will be held responsible”; NRSV “shall incur guilt”; TEV “will suffer the consequences.”
24 tn Or “Behold!” (so KJV, ASV, NASB); NRSV “See.”
25 tn Heb “today they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the
26 tn Heb “If her hand cannot find the sufficiency of a sheep.” Many English versions render this as “lamb.”
27 tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168, with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).
28 tn Or “she will be[come] pure.”
29 tn Heb “and the priest shall see the infection.”
30 tn There is no “if” expressed, but the contrast between the priestly finding in this verse and the next verse clearly implies it.
31 tn Heb “and the appearance of the infection is deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “deeper than”) the skin of the his flesh.” See the note on v. 20 below.
32 tn For the translation “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above. Cf. TEV “a dreaded skin disease”; NIV “an infectious skin disease”; NLT “a contagious skin disease.”
33 tn The pronoun “it” here refers to the “infection,” not the person who has the infection (cf. the object of “examine” at the beginning of the verse).
34 tn Heb “he shall make him unclean.” The verb is the Piel of טָמֵא (tame’) “to be unclean.” Here it is a so-called “declarative” Piel (i.e., “to declare unclean”), but it also implies that the person is put into the category of actually being “unclean” by the pronouncement itself (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 175; cf. the corresponding opposite in v. 6 below).
35 tn Heb “and if.”
36 tn Heb “and deep is not its appearance from the skin”; cf. NAB “does not seem to have penetrated below the skin.”
37 tn Heb “and the priest will shut up the infection seven days.”
38 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
39 tn Heb “the infection has stood in his eyes”; ASV “if in his eyes the plague be at a stay.”
40 tn Although there is no expressed “and” at the beginning of this clause, there is in the corresponding clause of v. 6, so it should be assumed here as well.
41 tn Heb “a second seven days.”
42 tn That is, at the end of the second set of seven days referred to at the end of v. 5, a total of fourteen days after the first appearance before the priest.
43 tn Heb “and behold.”
44 tn Heb “he shall make him clean.” The verb is the Piel of טָהֵר (taher, “to be clean”). Here it is a so-called “declarative” Piel (i.e., “to declare clean”), but it also implies that the person is put into the category of being “clean” by the pronouncement itself (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 176; cf. the corresponding opposite in v. 3 above).
45 tn On the term “scab” see the note on v. 2 above. Cf. NAB “it was merely eczema”; NRSV “only an eruption”; NLT “only a temporary rash.”
46 tn Heb “and he shall wash his clothes.”
47 tn Heb “and the priest shall see.” The pronoun “it” is unexpressed, but it should be assumed and it refers to the infection (cf. the note on v. 8 above).
48 tn Heb “and behold.”
49 tn Heb “and behold its appearance is low (שָׁפָל, shafal) ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “lower than”) the skin.” Compare “deeper” in v. 3 above where, however, a different word is used (עָמֹק, ’amoq), and see the note on “swelling” in v. 1 above (cf. J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 192; note that, contrary to the MT, Tg. Onq. has עָמֹק in this verse as well as v. 4). The alternation of these two terms (i.e., “deeper” and “lower”) in vv. 25-26 below shows that they both refer to the same phenomenon. Some have argued that “this sore was lower than the surrounding skin” (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:773, 788), in which case “swelling” would be an inappropriate translation of שְׂאֵת (sÿ’et) in v. 19. It seems unlikely, however, that the surface of a “boil” would sink below the surface of the surrounding skin. The infectious pus etc. that makes up a boil normally causes swelling.
50 tn The declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’, cf. the note on v. 3 above).
51 tn Heb “It is an infection of disease. In the boil it has broken out.” For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above.
52 tn Heb “and the priest shall see it.”
53 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
54 tn Heb “and its appearance is deep ‘from’ [comparative מִן (min) meaning ‘deeper than’] the skin.”
55 tn Heb “it is a disease. In the burn it has broken out.”
56 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above).
57 tn For the rendering “diseased infection” see the note on v. 2 above.
58 tn Heb “and if under it the bright spot stands, it has not spread in the skin.”
59 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher; cf. the note on v. 6 above).
60 tn Heb “and the priest shall see the infection.”
61 tn Heb “and behold.”
62 tn Heb “its appearance is deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, “deeper than”) the skin.”
63 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָמֵא (tame’; cf. the note on v. 3 above).
64 tn The exact identification of this disease is unknown. Cf. KJV “dry scall”; NASB “a scale”; NIV, NCV, NRSV “an itch”; NLT “a contagious skin disease.” For a discussion of “scall” disease in the hair, which is a crusty scabby disease of the skin under the hair that also affects the hair itself, see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus (WBC), 192-93, and J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:793-94. The Hebrew word rendered “scall” (נֶתֶק, neteq) is related to a verb meaning “to tear; to tear out; to tear apart.” It may derive from the scratching and/or the tearing out of the hair or the scales of the skin in response to the itching sensation caused by the disease.
65 tn Heb “It is scall. It is the disease of the head or the beard.”
66 tn Heb “and behold there is not its appearance deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, meaning “deeper than”) the skin.”
67 tn Heb “and the priest will shut up the infection of the scall seven days.”
68 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
69 tn Heb “and its appearance is not deep ‘from’ (comparative מִן, min, meaning “deeper than”) the skin.”
70 tn This is the declarative Piel of the verb טָהֵר (taher, cf. the note on v. 6 above).
71 tn Heb “to all which the leather was made into a handiwork.”
72 tn Heb “and behold” (so KJV, ASV).
73 tn Heb “the infection has not changed its eye.” Smr has “its/his eyes,” as in vv. 5 and 37, but here it refers to the appearance of the article of cloth or leather, unlike vv. 5 and 37 where there is a preposition attached and it refers to the eyes of the priest.
74 tn The terms “back side” and “front side” are the same as those used in v. 42 for the “back or front bald area” of a man’s head. The exact meaning of these terms when applied to articles of cloth or leather is uncertain. It could refer, for example, to the inside versus the outside of a garment, or the back versus the front side of an article of cloth or leather. See J. Milgrom, Leviticus (AB), 1:814, for various possibilities.
75 tn Heb “and his hand does not reach”; NAB, NRSV “and cannot afford so much (afford these NIV).”
76 tn See the notes on v. 10 above.
77 tn Heb “And a woman when the flow of her blood flows.”
78 tn Heb “in not the time of her menstruation or when it flows on her menstruation.”
79 tn Heb “takes.” The verb “to take” in this context means “to engage in sexual intercourse,” though some English versions translate it as “marry” (e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV).
80 tn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20.
81 tn See the note on Lev 17:16 above.
82 tn Heb “and the two of them.”
83 tn Heb “To your generations.”
84 tn The Piel (v. 2) and Hiphil (v. 3) forms of the verb קָדַשׁ (qadash) appear to be interchangeable in this context. Both mean “to consecrate” (Heb “make holy [or “sacred”]”).
85 tn Heb “and his impurity [is] on him”; NIV “is ceremonially unclean”; NAB, NRSV “while he is in a state of uncleanness.”
86 sn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20. Cf. the interpretive translation of TEV “he can never again serve at the altar.”
87 tn Heb “to”; the words “live in” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
88 tn Heb “and seed there is not to her and she returns to the house of her father as her youth.” The mention of having “no children” appears to imply that her children, if she had any, should support her; this is made explicit by NLT’s “and has no children to support her.”
89 tn Heb “And if his hand has not found sufficiency of returning.” Although some versions take this to mean that he has not made enough to regain the land (e.g., NASB, NRSV; see also B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176), the combination of terms in Hebrew corresponds to the portion of v. 27 that refers specifically to refunding the money (cf. v. 27; see NIV and G. J. Wenham, Leviticus [NICOT], 315).
90 tn Heb “his sale.”
91 tn Heb “will be in the hand of.” This refers to the temporary control of the one who purchased its produce until the next year of jubilee, at which time it would revert to the original owner.
92 tn Heb “it shall go out” (so KJV, ASV; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 176).
93 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the original owner of the land) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
94 tn Heb “And if the hand of a foreigner and resident with you reaches” (cf. v. 26 for this idiom).
95 tn Heb “and.” The Hebrew conjunction ו (vav, “and”) can be considered to have resultative force here.
96 tn Heb “offshoot, descendant.”
97 tn Heb “and the priest shall cause him to be valued.”
98 tn Heb “on the mouth which the hand of the one who vowed reaches.”
99 tn Heb “a conversion value shall be to the mouth of its seed.”
100 tn Heb “seed of a homer of barley in fifty shekels of silver.”
