Discovery BoxDeuteronomy 3:11 
Context3:11 Only King Og of Bashan was left of the remaining Rephaites. (It is noteworthy 1 that his sarcophagus 2 was made of iron. 3 Does it not, indeed, still remain in Rabbath 4 of the Ammonites? It is thirteen and a half feet 5 long and six feet 6 wide according to standard measure.) 7
Deuteronomy 8:18
Context8:18 You must remember the Lord your God, for he is the one who gives ability to get wealth; if you do this he will confirm his covenant that he made by oath to your ancestors, 8 even as he has to this day.
Deuteronomy 9:5
Context9:5 It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, 9 that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he 10 made on oath to your ancestors, 11 to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Deuteronomy 9:12
Context9:12 And he said to me, “Get up, go down at once from here because your people whom you brought out of Egypt have sinned! They have quickly turned from the way I commanded them and have made for themselves a cast metal image.” 12
Deuteronomy 16:3
Context16:3 You must not eat any yeast with it; for seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, symbolic of affliction, for you came out of Egypt hurriedly. You must do this so you will remember for the rest of your life the day you came out of the land of Egypt.
Deuteronomy 22:19
Context22:19 They will fine him one hundred shekels of silver and give them to the young woman’s father, for the man who made the accusation 13 ruined the reputation 14 of an Israelite virgin. She will then become his wife and he may never divorce her as long as he lives.
Deuteronomy 31:16
Context31:16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “You are about to die, 15 and then these people will begin to prostitute themselves with the foreign gods of the land into which they 16 are going. They 17 will reject 18 me and break my covenant that I have made with them. 19
1 tn Heb “Behold” (הִנֵּה, hinneh).
2 tn The Hebrew term עֶרֶשׂ (’eres), traditionally translated “bed” (cf. NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT) is likely a basaltic (volcanic) stone sarcophagus of suitable size to contain the coffin of the giant Rephaite king. Its iron-like color and texture caused it to be described as an iron container. See A. Millard, “King Og’s Iron Bed: Fact or Fancy?” BR 6 (1990): 16-21, 44; cf. also NEB “his sarcophagus of basalt”; TEV, CEV “his coffin.”
3 tn Or “of iron-colored basalt.” See note on the word “sarcophagus” earlier in this verse.
4 sn Rabbath. This place name (usually occurring as Rabbah; 2 Sam 11:11; 12:27; Jer 49:3) refers to the ancient capital of the Ammonite kingdom, now the modern city of Amman, Jordan. The word means “great [one],” probably because of its political importance. The fact that the sarcophagus “still remain[ed]” there suggests this part of the verse is post-Mosaic, having been added as a matter of explanation for the existence of the artifact and also to verify the claim as to its size.
5 tn Heb “nine cubits.” Assuming a length of 18 in (45 cm) for the standard cubit, this would be 13.5 ft (4.1 m) long.
6 tn Heb “four cubits.” This would be 6 ft (1.8 m) wide.
7 tn Heb “by the cubit of man.” This probably refers to the “short” or “regular” cubit of approximately 18 in (45 cm).
8 tc Smr and Lucian add “Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,” the standard way of rendering this almost stereotypical formula (cf. Deut 1:8; 6:10; 9:5, 27; 29:13; 30:20; 34:4). The MT’s harder reading presumptively argues for its originality, however.
9 tn Heb “uprightness of your heart” (so NASB, NRSV). The Hebrew word צְדָקָה (tsÿdaqah, “righteousness”), though essentially synonymous here with יֹשֶׁר (yosher, “uprightness”), carries the idea of conformity to an objective standard. The term יֹשֶׁר has more to do with an inner, moral quality (cf. NAB, NIV “integrity”). Neither, however, was grounds for the
10 tn Heb “the
11 tn Heb “fathers.”
12 tc Heb “a casting.” The MT reads מַסֵּכָה (massekhah, “a cast thing”) but some
13 tn Heb “for he”; the referent (the man who made the accusation) has been specified in the translation to avoid confusion with the young woman’s father, the last-mentioned male.
14 tn Heb “brought forth a bad name.”
15 tn Heb “lie down with your fathers” (so NASB); NRSV “ancestors.”
16 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they,” which is necessary in any case in the translation because of contemporary English style. The third person singular also occurs in the Hebrew text twice more in this verse, three times in v. 17, once in v. 18, five times in v. 20, and four times in v. 21. Each time it is translated as third person plural for stylistic reasons.
17 tn Heb “he.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “they.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
18 tn Or “abandon” (TEV, NLT).
19 tn Heb “him.” Smr, LXX, and the Targums read the plural “them.” See note on the first occurrence of “they” in v. 16.
