50:2 “Announce 1 the news among the nations! Proclaim it!
Signal for people to pay attention! 2
Declare the news! Do not hide it! Say:
‘Babylon will be captured.
Bel 3 will be put to shame.
Marduk will be dismayed.
Babylon’s idols will be put to shame.
Her disgusting images 4 will be dismayed. 5
50:3 For a nation from the north 6 will attack Babylon.
It will lay her land waste.
People and animals will flee out of it.
No one will inhabit it.’
50:4 “When that time comes,” says the Lord, 7
“the people of Israel and Judah will return to the land together.
They will come back with tears of repentance
as they seek the Lord their God. 8
50:5 They will ask the way to Zion;
they will turn their faces toward it.
They will come 9 and bind themselves to the Lord
in a lasting covenant that will never be forgotten. 10
50:6 “My people have been lost sheep.
Their shepherds 11 have allow them to go astray.
They have wandered around in the mountains.
They have roamed from one mountain and hill to another. 12
They have forgotten their resting place.
50:7 All who encountered them devoured them.
Their enemies who did this said, ‘We are not liable for punishment!
For those people have sinned against the Lord, their true pasture. 13
They have sinned against the Lord in whom their ancestors 14 trusted.’ 15
50:8 “People of Judah, 16 get out of Babylon quickly!
Leave the land of Babylonia! 17
Be the first to depart! 18
Be like the male goats that lead the herd.
50:9 For I will rouse into action and bring against Babylon
a host of mighty nations 19 from the land of the north.
They will set up their battle lines against her.
They will come from the north and capture her. 20
Their arrows will be like a skilled soldier 21
who does not return from the battle empty-handed. 22
50:10 Babylonia 23 will be plundered.
Those who plunder it will take all they want,”
says the Lord. 24
50:11 “People of Babylonia, 25 you plundered my people. 26
That made you happy and glad.
You frolic about like calves in a pasture. 27
Your joyous sounds are like the neighs of a stallion. 28
50:17 “The people of Israel are like scattered sheep
which lions have chased away.
First the king of Assyria devoured them. 29
Now last of all King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon has gnawed their bones. 30
50:18 So I, the Lord God of Israel who rules over all, say: 31
‘I will punish the king of Babylon and his land
just as I punished the king of Assyria.
50:27 Kill all her soldiers! 32
Let them be slaughtered! 33
They are doomed, 34 for their day of reckoning 35 has come,
the time for them to be punished.”
50:28 Listen! Fugitives and refugees are coming from the land of Babylon.
They are coming to Zion to declare there
how the Lord our God is getting revenge,
getting revenge for what they have done to his temple. 36
50:29 “Call for archers 37 to come against Babylon!
Summon against her all who draw the bow!
Set up camp all around the city!
Do not allow anyone to escape!
Pay her back for what she has done.
Do to her what she has done to others.
For she has proudly defied me, 38
the Holy One of Israel. 39
50:30 So her young men will fall in her city squares.
All her soldiers will be destroyed at that time,”
says the Lord. 40
50:31 “Listen! I am opposed to you, you proud city,” 41
says the Lord God who rules over all. 42
“Indeed, 43 your day of reckoning 44 has come,
the time when I will punish you. 45
50:32 You will stumble and fall, you proud city;
no one will help you get up.
I will set fire to your towns;
it will burn up everything that surrounds you.” 46
50:33 The Lord who rules over all 47 says,
“The people of Israel are oppressed.
So too are the people of Judah. 48
All those who took them captive are holding them prisoners.
They refuse to set them free.
50:34 But the one who will rescue them 49 is strong.
He is known as the Lord who rules over all. 50
He will strongly 51 champion their cause.
As a result 52 he will bring peace and rest to the earth,
but trouble and turmoil 53 to the people who inhabit Babylonia. 54
1 tn The verbs are masculine plural. Jeremiah is calling on other unnamed messengers to spread the news.
2 tn Heb “Raise a signal flag.”
3 sn Bel was originally the name or title applied to the Sumerian storm god. During the height of Babylon’s power it became a title that was applied to Marduk who was Babylon’s chief deity. As a title it means “Lord.” Here it is a poetical parallel reference to Marduk mentioned in the next line.
4 tn The Hebrew word used here (גִּלּוּלִים, gillulim) is always used as a disdainful reference to idols. It is generally thought to have originally referred to “dung pellets” (cf. KBL 183 s.v. גִלּוּלִים). It is only one of several terms used in this way, such as “worthless things” (אַלִילִים, ’alilim), “vanities,” or “empty winds” (הֲבָלִים, havalim).
5 tn The verbs here are all in the tense that views the actions as though they were already done (the Hebrew prophetic perfect). The verbs in the next verse are a mixture of prophetic perfects and imperfects which announce future actions.
sn This refers to the fact that the idols that the Babylonians worshiped will not be able to protect them, but will instead be carried off into exile with the Babylonians themselves (cf. Isa 46:1-2).
6 sn A nation from the north refers to Medo-Persia which at the time of the conquest of Babylon in 539
7 tn Heb “oracle of the
8 tn Heb “and the children of Israel will come, they and the children of Judah together. They shall go, weeping as they go, and they will seek the
9 tc The translation here assumes that the Hebrew בֹּאוּ (bo’u; a Qal imperative masculine plural) should be read בָּאוּ (ba’u; a Qal perfect third plural). This reading is presupposed by the Greek version of Aquila, the Latin version, and the Targum (see BHS note a, which mistakenly assumes that the form must be imperfect).
10 sn See Jer 32:40 and the study note there for the nature of this lasting agreement.
11 sn The shepherds are the priests, prophets, and leaders who have led Israel into idolatry (2:8).
12 sn The allusion here, if it is not merely a part of the metaphor of the wandering sheep, is to the worship of the false gods on the high hills (2:20, 3:2).
13 tn This same Hebrew phrase “the habitation of righteousness” is found in Jer 31:23 in relation to Jerusalem in the future as “the place where righteousness dwells.” Here, however, it refers to the same entity as “their resting place” in v. 6 and means “true pasture.” For the meaning of “pasture” for the word נָוֶה (naveh) see 2 Sam 7:8 and especially Isa 65:10 where it is parallel with “resting place” for the flocks. For the meaning of “true” for צֶדֶק (tsedeq) see BDB 841 s.v. צֶדֶק 1. For the interpretation adopted here see G. L. Keown, P. J. Scalise, T. G. Smothers, Jeremiah 26-52 (WBC), 365. The same basic interpretation is reflected in NRSV, NJPS, and God’s Word.
14 tn Heb “fathers.”
15 sn These two verses appear to be a poetical summary of the argument of Jer 2 where the nation is accused of abandoning its loyalty to God and worshiping idols. Whereas those who tried to devour Israel were liable for punishment when Israel was loyal to God (2:3), the enemies of Israel who destroyed them (i.e., the Babylonians [but also the Assyrians], 50:17) argue that they are not liable for punishment because the Israelites have sinned against the
16 tn The words “People of Judah” are not in the Hebrew text but are implicit from the context. They have been supplied in the translation to clarify the subject of the address.
17 tn Heb “the land of the Chaldeans.” See the study note on 21:4 for explanation.
18 tn The words “Be the first to leave” are not in the text but spell out the significance of the simile that follows. They have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
19 sn Some of these are named in Jer 51:27-28.
20 tn Heb “She will be captured from there (i.e., from the north).”
21 tc Read Heb ַָמשְׂכִּיל (moskil) with a number of Hebrew
22 tn Or more freely, “Their arrows will be as successful at hitting their mark // as a skilled soldier always returns from battle with plunder.”
sn I.e., none of the arrows misses its mark.
23 tn Heb “The land of the Chaldeans.” See the study note on 21:4 for explanation.
24 tn Heb “Oracle of the
25 tn The words “People of Babylonia” are not in the text but they are implicit in the reference in the next verse to “your mother” which refers to the city and the land as the mother of its people. These words have been supplied in the translation to identify the referent of “you” and have been added for clarity.
26 tn Or “my land.” The word can refer to either the land (Jer 2:7, 16:8) or the nation/people (Jer 12:7, 8, 9).
27 tc Reading כְּעֶגְלֵי דֶשֶׁא (kÿ’egle deshe’) or כְּעֵגֶל בַּדֶּשֶׁא (kÿ’egel baddeshe’) as presupposed by the Greek and Latin versions (cf. BHS note d-d) in place of the reading in the Hebrew text כְּעֶגְלָה דָשָׁה (kÿ’eglah dashah, “like a heifer treading out the grain”) which does not fit the verb (פּוּשׁ [push] = “spring about” [BDB 807 s.v. I פּוּשׁ] or “paw the ground” [KBL 756 s.v. פּוּשׁ] and compare Mal 3:20 for usage). This variant reading is also accepted by J. Bright, J. A. Thompson, F. B. Huey, and G. L. Keown, P. J. Scalise, T. G. Smothers.
28 tn Heb “Though you rejoice, though you exult, you who have plundered my heritage, though you frolic like calves in a pasture and neigh like stallions, your mother…” The particle כִּי (ki) introduces a concessive protasis according to BDB 473 s.v. כִּי 2.c(a). Many interpret the particle as introducing the grounds for the next verse, i.e., “because…” The translation here will reflect the concessive by beginning the next verse with “But.” The long protasis has been broken up and restructured to better conform with contemporary English style.
29 sn The king of Assyria devoured them. This refers to the devastation wrought on northern Israel by the kings of Assyria beginning in 738
30 tn The verb used here only occurs this one time in the Hebrew Bible. It is a denominative from the Hebrew word for “bones” (עֶצֶם, ’etsem). BDB 1126 s.v. עֶָצַם, denom Pi, define it as “break his bones.” HALOT 822 s.v. II עָצַם Pi defines it as “gnaw on his bones.”
sn If the prophecies which are referred to in Jer 51:59-64 refer to all that is contained in Jer 50–51 (as some believe), this would have referred to the disasters of 605
31 tn Heb “Therefore thus says Yahweh of armies, the God of Israel.” The first person is again adopted because the
32 tn Heb “Kill all her young bulls.” Commentators are almost universally agreed that the reference to “young bulls” is figurative here for the princes and warriors (cf. BDB 831 s.v. פַּר 2.f, which compares Isa 34:7 and Ezek 39:18). This is virtually certain because of the reference to the time coming for them to be punished; this would scarcely fit literal bulls. For the verb rendered “kill” here see the translator’s note on v. 21.
33 tn Heb “Let them go down to the slaughter.”
34 tn Or “How terrible it will be for them”; Heb “Woe to them.” See the study note on 22:13 and compare the usage in 23:1; 48:1.
35 tn The words “of reckoning” are not in the text but are implicit from the context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.
36 tn Heb “Hark! Fugitives and refugees from the land of Babylon to declare in Zion the vengeance of the
sn This verse appears to be a parenthetical exclamation of the prophet in the midst of his report of what the
37 tn For this word see BDB 914 s.v. III רַב and compare usage in Prov 26:10 and Job 16:12 and compare the usage of the verb in Gen 49:23. Based on this evidence, it is not necessary to emend the form to רֹבִים (rovim) as many commentators contend.
38 tn Heb “for she has acted insolently against the
39 sn The Holy One of Israel is a common title for the
40 tn Heb “Oracle of the
41 tn Heb “Behold, I am against you, proud one.” The word “city” is not in the text but it is generally agreed that the word is being used as a personification of the city which had “proudly defied” the
42 tn Heb “oracle of the Lord Yahweh of armies.” For the rendering of this title and an explanation of its significance see the study note on 2:19.
43 tn The particle כִּי (ki) is probably asseverative here (so J. A. Thompson, Jeremiah [NICOT], 739, n. 13, and cf. BDB 472 s.v. כִּי 1.e for other examples). This has been a common use of this particle in the book of Jeremiah.
44 tn The words “of reckoning” are not in the text but are implicit from the context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.
45 sn Compare v. 27.
46 tn Heb “And the proud one will fall and there will be no one to help him up. I will start a fire in his towns and it will consume all that surround him.” The personification continues but now the stance is indirect (third person) rather than direct (second person). It is easier for the modern reader who is not accustomed to such sudden shifts if the second person is maintained. The personification of the city (or nation) as masculine is a little unusual; normally cities and nations are personified as feminine, as daughters or mothers.
47 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies.” For an explanation of this title see the study note on 2:19.
48 tn Heb “Oppressed are the people of Israel and the people of Judah together,” i.e., both the people of Israel and Judah are oppressed. However, neither of these renderings is very poetic. The translation seeks to achieve the same meaning with better poetic expression.
49 sn Heb “their redeemer.” The Hebrew term “redeemer” referred in Israelite family law to the nearest male relative who was responsible for securing the freedom of a relative who had been sold into slavery. For further discussion of this term as well as its metaphorical use to refer to God as the one who frees Israel from bondage in Egypt and from exile in Assyria and Babylonia see the study note on 31:11.
50 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies is his name.” For the rendering of this title see the study note on 2:19.
51 tn Or “he will certainly champion.” The infinitive absolute before the finite verb here is probably functioning to intensify the verb rather than to express the certainty of the action (cf. GKC 333 §112.n and compare usage in Gen 43:3 and 1 Sam 20:6 listed there).
52 tn This appears to be another case where the particle לְמַעַן (lÿma’an) introduces a result rather than giving the purpose or goal. See the translator’s note on 25:7 for a listing of other examples in the book of Jeremiah and also the translator’s note on 27:10.
53 tn Heb “he will bring rest to the earth and will cause unrest to.” The terms “rest” and “unrest” have been doubly translated to give more of the idea underlying these two concepts.
54 tn This translation again reflects the problem often encountered in these prophecies where the