Discovery BoxJohn 4:5-29 
Context4:5 Now he came to a Samaritan town 1 called Sychar, 2 near the plot of land that Jacob had given to his son Joseph. 3 4:6 Jacob’s well was there, so Jesus, since he was tired from the journey, sat right down beside 4 the well. It was about noon. 5
4:7 A Samaritan woman 6 came to draw water. Jesus said to her, “Give me some water 7 to drink.” 4:8 (For his disciples had gone off into the town to buy supplies. 8 ) 9 4:9 So the Samaritan woman said to him, “How can you – a Jew 10 – ask me, a Samaritan woman, for water 11 to drink?” (For Jews use nothing in common 12 with Samaritans.) 13
4:10 Jesus answered 14 her, “If you had known 15 the gift of God and who it is who said to you, ‘Give me some water 16 to drink,’ you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water.” 17 4:11 “Sir,” 18 the woman 19 said to him, “you have no bucket and the well 20 is deep; where then do you get this 21 living water? 22 4:12 Surely you’re not greater than our ancestor 23 Jacob, are you? For he gave us this well and drank from it himself, along with his sons and his livestock.” 24
4:13 Jesus replied, 25 “Everyone who drinks some of this water will be thirsty 26 again. 4:14 But whoever drinks some of the water that I will give him will never be thirsty again, 27 but the water that I will give him will become in him a fountain 28 of water springing up 29 to eternal life.” 4:15 The woman said to him, “Sir, give me this water, so that I will not be thirsty or have to come here to draw 30 water.” 31 4:16 He 32 said to her, “Go call your husband and come back here.” 33 4:17 The woman replied, 34 “I have no husband.” Jesus said to her, “Right you are when you said, 35 ‘I have no husband,’ 36 4:18 for you have had five husbands, and the man you are living with 37 now is not your husband. This you said truthfully!”
4:19 The woman said to him, “Sir, I see 38 that you are a prophet. 4:20 Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, 39 and you people 40 say that the place where people must worship is in Jerusalem.” 41 4:21 Jesus said to her, “Believe me, woman, 42 a time 43 is coming when you will worship 44 the Father neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem. 4:22 You people 45 worship what you do not know. We worship what we know, because salvation is from the Jews. 46 4:23 But a time 47 is coming – and now is here 48 – when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father seeks 49 such people to be 50 his worshipers. 51 4:24 God is spirit, 52 and the people who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.” 4:25 The woman said to him, “I know that Messiah is coming” (the one called Christ); 53 “whenever he 54 comes, he will tell 55 us everything.” 56 4:26 Jesus said to her, “I, the one speaking to you, am he.”
4:27 Now at that very moment his disciples came back. 57 They were shocked 58 because he was speaking 59 with a woman. However, no one said, “What do you want?” 60 or “Why are you speaking with her?” 4:28 Then the woman left her water jar, went off into the town and said to the people, 61 4:29 “Come, see a man who told me everything I ever did. Surely he can’t be the Messiah, 62 can he?” 63
1 tn Grk “town of Samaria.” The noun Σαμαρείας (Samareias) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
2 sn Sychar was somewhere in the vicinity of Shechem, possibly the village of Askar, 1.5 km northeast of Jacob’s well.
3 sn Perhaps referred to in Gen 48:22.
4 tn Grk “on (ἐπί, epi) the well.” There may have been a low stone rim encircling the well, or the reading of Ì66 (“on the ground”) may be correct.
5 tn Grk “the sixth hour.”
sn It was about noon. The suggestion has been made by some that time should be reckoned from midnight rather than sunrise. This would make the time 6 a.m. rather than noon. That would fit in this passage but not in John 19:14 which places the time when Jesus is condemned to be crucified at “the sixth hour.”
6 tn Grk “a woman from Samaria.” According to BDAG 912 s.v. Σαμάρεια, the prepositional phrase is to be translated as a simple attributive: “γυνὴ ἐκ τῆς Σαμαρείας a Samaritan woman J 4:7.”
7 tn The phrase “some water” is supplied as the understood direct object of the infinitive πεῖν (pein).
8 tn Grk “buy food.”
9 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author, indicating why Jesus asked the woman for a drink (for presumably his disciples also took the water bucket with them).
10 tn Or “a Judean.” Here BDAG 478 s.v. ᾿Ιουδαίος 2.a states, “Judean (with respect to birth, nationality, or cult).” The same term occurs in the plural later in this verse. In one sense “Judean” would work very well in the translation here, since the contrast is between residents of the two geographical regions. However, since in the context of this chapter the discussion soon becomes a religious rather than a territorial one (cf. vv. 19-26), the translation “Jew” has been retained here and in v. 22.
11 tn “Water” is supplied as the understood direct object of the infinitive πεῖν (pein).
12 tn D. Daube (“Jesus and the Samaritan Woman: the Meaning of συγχράομαι [Jn 4:7ff],” JBL 69 [1950]: 137-47) suggests this meaning.
sn The background to the statement use nothing in common is the general assumption among Jews that the Samaritans were ritually impure or unclean. Thus a Jew who used a drinking vessel after a Samaritan had touched it would become ceremonially unclean.
13 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
14 tn Grk “answered and said to her.”
15 tn Or “if you knew.”
16 tn The phrase “some water” is supplied as the understood direct object of the infinitive πεῖν (pein).
17 tn This is a second class conditional sentence in Greek.
sn The word translated living is used in Greek of flowing water, which leads to the woman’s misunderstanding in the following verse. She thought Jesus was referring to some unknown source of drinkable water.
18 tn Or “Lord.” The Greek term κύριος (kurios) means both “Sir” and “Lord.” In this passage there is probably a gradual transition from one to the other as the woman’s respect for Jesus grows throughout the conversation (4:11, 15, 19).
19 tc ‡ Two early and important Greek
20 tn The word for “well” has now shifted to φρέαρ (frear, “cistern”); earlier in the passage it was πηγή (phgh).
21 tn The anaphoric article has been translated “this.”
22 sn Where then do you get this living water? The woman’s reply is an example of the “misunderstood statement,” a technique appearing frequently in John’s Gospel. Jesus was speaking of living water which was spiritual (ultimately a Johannine figure for the Holy Spirit, see John 7:38-39), but the woman thought he was speaking of flowing (fresh drinkable) water. Her misunderstanding gave Jesus the opportunity to explain what he really meant.
23 tn Or “our forefather”; Grk “our father.”
24 tn Questions prefaced with μή (mh) in Greek anticipate a negative answer. This can sometimes be indicated by using a “tag” at the end. In this instance all of v. 12 is one question. It has been broken into two sentences for the sake of English style (instead of “for he” the Greek reads “who”).
25 tn Grk “answered and said to her.”
26 tn Grk “will thirst.”
27 tn Grk “will never be thirsty forever.” The possibility of a later thirst is emphatically denied.
28 tn Or “well.” “Fountain” is used as the translation for πηγή (phgh) here since the idea is that of an artesian well that flows freely, but the term “artesian well” is not common in contemporary English.
29 tn The verb ἁλλομένου (Jallomenou) is used of quick movement (like jumping) on the part of living beings. This is the only instance of its being applied to the action of water. However, in the LXX it is used to describe the “Spirit of God” as it falls on Samson and Saul. See Judg 14:6, 19; 15:14; 1 Kgdms 10:2, 10 LXX (= 1 Sam 10:6, 10 ET); and Isa 35:6 (note context).
30 tn Grk “or come here to draw.”
31 tn The direct object of the infinitive ἀντλεῖν (antlein) is understood in Greek but supplied for clarity in the English translation.
32 tc Most witnesses have “Jesus” here, either with the article (אc C2 D L Ws Ψ 086 Ï lat) or without (א* A Θ Ë1,13 al), while several important and early witnesses lack the name (Ì66,75 B C* 33vid pc). It is unlikely that scribes would have deliberately expunged the name of Jesus from the text here, especially since it aids the reader with the flow of the dialogue. Further, that the name occurs both anarthrously and with the article suggests that it was a later addition. (For similar arguments, see the tc note on “woman” in 4:11).
33 tn Grk “come here” (“back” is implied).
34 tn Grk “answered and said to him.”
35 tn Grk “Well have you said.”
36 tn The word order in Jesus’ reply is reversed from the woman’s original statement. The word “husband” in Jesus’ reply is placed in an emphatic position.
37 tn Grk “the one you have.”
38 tn Grk “behold” or “perceive,” but these are not as common in contemporary English usage.
39 sn This mountain refers to Mount Gerizim, where the Samaritan shrine was located.
40 tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied to indicate that the Greek verb translated “say” is second person plural and thus refers to more than Jesus alone.
41 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
42 sn Woman was a polite form of address (see BDAG 208-9 s.v. γυνή 1), similar to “Madam” or “Ma’am” used in English in different regions.
43 tn Grk “an hour.”
44 tn The verb is plural.
45 tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied to indicate that the Greek verb translated “worship” is second person plural and thus refers to more than the woman alone.
46 tn Or “from the Judeans.” See the note on “Jew” in v. 9.
47 tn Grk “an hour.”
48 tn “Here” is not in the Greek text but is supplied to conform to contemporary English idiom.
50 tn Or “as.” The object-complement construction implies either “as” or “to be.”
51 tn This is a double accusative construction of object and complement with τοιούτους (toioutous) as the object and the participle προσκυνοῦντας (proskunounta") as the complement.
sn The Father wants such people as his worshipers. Note how the woman has been concerned about where people ought to worship, while Jesus is concerned about who people ought to worship.
52 tn Here πνεῦμα (pneuma) is understood as a qualitative predicate nominative while the articular θεός (qeos) is the subject.
53 tn Both Greek “Christ” and Hebrew and Aramaic “Messiah” mean “the one who has been anointed.”
sn The one called Christ. This is a parenthetical statement by the author. See the note on Christ in 1:20.
54 tn Grk “that one.”
55 tn Or “he will announce to us.”
56 tn Grk “all things.”
57 tn Or “his disciples returned”; Grk “came” (“back” is supplied in keeping with English usage). Because of the length of the Greek sentence it is better to divide here and begin a new English sentence, leaving the καί (kai) before ἐθαύμαζον (eqaumazon) untranslated.
58 tn BDAG 444 s.v. θαυμάζω 1.a.γ has “be surprised that” followed by indirect discourse. The context calls for a slightly stronger wording.
59 tn The ὅτι (Joti) could also be translated as declarative (“that he had been speaking with a woman”) but since this would probably require translating the imperfect verb as a past perfect (which is normal after a declarative ὅτι), it is preferable to take this ὅτι as causal.
60 tn Grk “seek.” See John 4:23.
sn The question “What do you want?” is John’s editorial comment (for no one in the text was asking it). The author is making a literary link with Jesus’ statement in v. 23: It is evident that, in spite of what the disciples may have been thinking, what Jesus was seeking is what the Father was seeking, that is to say, someone to worship him.
61 tn The term ἄνθρωποι (anqrwpoi) used here can mean either “people” (when used generically) or “men” (though there is a more specific term in Greek for adult males, ανήρ [anhr]). Thus the woman could have been speaking either (1) to all the people or (2) to the male leaders of the city as their representatives. However, most recent English translations regard the former as more likely and render the word “people” here.
62 tn Grk “the Christ” (both Greek “Christ” and Hebrew and Aramaic “Messiah” mean “one who has been anointed”). Although the Greek text reads χριστός (cristos) here, it is more consistent based on 4:25 (where Μεσσίας [Messias] is the lead term and is qualified by χριστός) to translate χριστός as “Messiah” here.
63 tn The use of μήτι (mhti) normally presupposes a negative answer. This should not be taken as an indication that the woman did not believe, however. It may well be an example of “reverse psychology,” designed to gain a hearing for her testimony among those whose doubts about her background would obviate her claims.
