Jeremiah 31:9

They will come back shedding tears of contrition. I will bring them back praying prayers of repentance. ¹  I will lead them besides streams of water, along smooth paths where they will never stumble. ²  I will do this because I am Israel’s father; Ephraim ³  is my firstborn son.’”

Ex 4:22; De 32:6; 1Ch 29:10; Ps 23:2; Ps 126:5,6; Isa 35:6-8; Isa 40:3,4; Isa 41:17-19; Isa 43:16-19; Isa 49:9-11; Isa 57:14; Isa 63:13; Isa 63:16; Isa 64:8; Jer 3:4; Jer 3:4,19; Jer 31:20; Jer 50:4; Eze 34:12-14; Da 9:17,18; Ho 12:4; Zec 12:10; Mt 3:3; Mt 5:4; Mt 6:9; Lu 3:4-6; Lu 6:21; Ro 8:26; 2Co 6:18; 2Co 7:9-11; Heb 5:7; Heb 12:13; Heb 12:23; Re 7:17

¹ tn Heb “They will come with weeping; I will bring them with supplication.” The ideas of contrition and repentance are implicit from the context (cf. vv. 18-19) and are supplied for clarity.

² sn Jer 31:8-9 are reminiscent of the “New Exodus” motif of Isa 40-66 which has already been referred to in Jer 16:14-15; 23:7-8. See especially Isa 35:3-10; 40:3-5, 11; 41:17-20; 42:14-17; 43:16-21; 49:9-13. As there, the New Exodus will so outstrip the old that the old will pale in comparison and be almost forgotten (see Jer 23:7-8).

³ sn Ephraim was the second son of Joseph who was elevated to a place of prominence in the family of Jacob by the patriarch’s special blessing. It was the strongest tribe in northern Israel and Samaria lay in its territory. It is often used as a poetic parallel for Israel as here. The poetry is not speaking of two separate entities here; it is a way of repeating an idea for emphasis. Moreover, there is no intent to show special preference for northern Israel over Judah. All Israel is metaphorically God’s son and the object of his special care and concern (Exod 4:22; Deut 32:6).