Discovery BoxRevelation 4:3 
Context4:3 And the one seated on it was like jasper 1 and carnelian 2 in appearance, and a rainbow looking like it was made of emerald 3 encircled the throne.
Revelation 9:9
Context9:9 They had breastplates 4 like iron breastplates, and the sound of their wings was like the noise of many horse-drawn chariots charging into battle.
Revelation 13:11
Context13:11 Then 5 I saw another beast 6 coming up from the earth. He 7 had two horns like a lamb, 8 but 9 was speaking like a dragon.
Revelation 21:11
Context21:11 The city possesses 10 the glory of God; its brilliance is like a precious jewel, like a stone of crystal-clear jasper. 11
1 tn Grk “jasper stone.”
sn Jasper was a semiprecious gemstone, probably green in color (L&N 2.30).
2 sn Carnelian was a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).
3 tn Or “a rainbow emerald-like in appearance.”
4 tn Or perhaps, “scales like iron breastplates” (RSV, NRSV) although the Greek term θώραξ (qwrax) would have to shift its meaning within the clause, and elsewhere in biblical usage (e.g., Eph 6:14; 1 Thess 5:8) it normally means “breastplate.” See also L&N 8.38.
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
6 sn This second beast is identified in Rev 16:13 as “the false prophet.”
7 tn Grk “and it had,” a continuation of the preceding sentence. On the use of the pronoun “he” to refer to the second beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.
8 tn Or perhaps, “like a ram.” Here L&N 4.25 states, “In the one context in the NT, namely, Re 13:11, in which ἀρνίον refers literally to a sheep, it is used in a phrase referring to the horns of an ἀρνίον. In such a context the reference is undoubtedly to a ‘ram,’ that is to say, the adult male of sheep.” In spite of this most translations render the word “lamb” here to maintain the connection between this false lamb and the true Lamb of the Book of Revelation, Jesus Christ.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
10 tn Grk “from God, having the glory of God.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation by supplying the words “the city” to refer back to the previous clause and translating the participle (“having”) as a finite verb.
11 tn On the term ἰάσπιδι (iaspidi) BDAG 465 s.v. ἴασπις states, “jasper, a precious stone found in various colors, mostly reddish, somet. green…brown, blue, yellow, and white. In antiquity the name was not limited to the variety of quartz now called jasper, but could designate any opaque precious stone. Rv 21:18f. W. λίθος 4:3 (TestSol C 11:8). λίθος ἴασπις κρυσταλλίζων a stone of crystal-clear jasper 21:11 (cp. Is 54:12); perh. the opal is meant here; acc. to some, the diamond.”
