Discovery BoxRevelation 2:18 
Context2:18 “To 1 the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following: 2
“This is the solemn pronouncement of 3 the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame 4 and whose feet are like polished bronze: 5
Revelation 13:8
Context13:8 and all those who live on the earth will worship the beast, 6 everyone whose name has not been written since the foundation of the world 7 in the book of life belonging to the Lamb who was killed. 8
Revelation 13:12
Context13:12 He 9 exercised all the ruling authority 10 of the first beast on his behalf, 11 and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed.
Revelation 21:27
Context21:27 but 12 nothing ritually unclean 13 will ever enter into it, nor anyone who does what is detestable 14 or practices falsehood, 15 but only those whose names 16 are written in the Lamb’s book of life.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.
2 tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.
3 tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.
sn The expression This is the solemn pronouncement of reflects an OT idiom. See the note on this phrase in 2:1.
4 tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
5 tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.
6 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7 tn The prepositional phrase “since the foundation of the world” is traditionally translated as a modifier of the immediately preceding phrase in the Greek text, “the Lamb who was killed” (so also G. B. Caird, Revelation [HNTC], 168), but it is more likely that the phrase “since the foundation of the world” modifies the verb “written” (as translated above). Confirmation of this can be found in Rev 17:8 where the phrase “written in the book of life since the foundation of the world” occurs with no ambiguity.
8 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
9 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
10 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
11 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
13 tn Here BDAG 552 s.v. κοινός 2 states, “pert. to being of little value because of being common, common, ordinary, profane…b. specifically, of that which is ceremonially impure: Rv 21:27.”
14 tn Or “what is abhorrent”; Grk “who practices abominations.”
15 tn Grk “practicing abomination or falsehood.” Because of the way βδέλυγμα (bdelugma) has been translated (“does what is detestable”) it was necessary to repeat the idea from the participle ποιῶν (poiwn, “practices”) before the term “falsehood.” On this term, BDAG 1097 s.v. ψεῦδος states, “ποιεῖν ψεῦδος practice (the things that go with) falsehood Rv 21:27; 22:15.” Cf. Rev 3:9.
16 tn Grk “those who are written”; the word “names” is implied.
