Discovery BoxIsaiah 41:8-20 
Context41:8 “You, my servant Israel,
Jacob whom I have chosen,
offspring of Abraham my friend, 1
41:9 you whom I am bringing back 2 from the earth’s extremities,
and have summoned from the remote regions –
I told you, “You are my servant.”
I have chosen you and not rejected you.
41:10 Don’t be afraid, for I am with you!
Don’t be frightened, for I am your God! 3
I strengthen you –
yes, I help you –
yes, I uphold you with my saving right hand! 4
41:11 Look, all who were angry at you will be ashamed and humiliated;
your adversaries 5 will be reduced to nothing 6 and perish.
41:12 When you will look for your opponents, 7 you will not find them;
your enemies 8 will be reduced to absolutely nothing.
41:13 For I am the Lord your God,
the one who takes hold of your right hand,
who says to you, ‘Don’t be afraid, I am helping you.’
41:14 Don’t be afraid, despised insignificant Jacob, 9
men of 10 Israel.
I am helping you,” says the Lord,
your protector, 11 the Holy One of Israel. 12
41:15 “Look, I am making you like 13 a sharp threshing sledge,
new and double-edged. 14
You will thresh the mountains and crush them;
you will make the hills like straw. 15
41:16 You will winnow them and the wind will blow them away;
the wind will scatter them.
You will rejoice in the Lord;
you will boast in the Holy One of Israel.
41:17 The oppressed and the poor look for water, but there is none;
their tongues are parched from thirst.
I, the Lord, will respond to their prayers; 16
I, the God of Israel, will not abandon them.
41:18 I will make streams flow down the slopes
and produce springs in the middle of the valleys.
I will turn the desert into a pool of water
and the arid land into springs.
41:19 I will make cedars, acacias, myrtles, and olive trees grow in the wilderness;
I will make evergreens, firs, and cypresses grow together in the desert.
41:20 I will do this so 17 people 18 will observe and recognize,
so they will pay attention and understand
that the Lord’s power 19 has accomplished this,
and that the Holy One of Israel has brought it into being.” 20
1 tn Or perhaps, “covenantal partner” (see 1 Kgs 5:15 HT [5:1 ET]; 2 Chr 20:7).
2 tn Heb “whom I have taken hold of [i.e., to lead back].”
3 tn According to BDB (1043 s.v. שָׁעָה), the verb תִּשְׁתָּע (tishta’) in the second line of the poetic couplet is a Hitpael form from the root שָׁעָה (sha’ah, “gaze,” with metathesis of the stem prefix and the first root letter). Taking the Hitpael as iterative, one may then translate “do not anxiously look about.” However, the alleged Hitpael form of שָׁעָה (sha’ah) only occurs here and in verse 23. HALOT 1671 s.v. שׁתע proposes that the verb is instead a Qal form from the root שׁתע (“fear”) which is attested in cognate Semitic languages, including Ugaritic (discovered after the publishing of BDB), suggests the existence of this root. The poetic structure of v. 10 also supports the proposal, for the form in question is in synonymous parallelism to יָרֵא (yare’, “fear”).
4 tn The “right hand” is a symbol of the Lord’s power to deliver (Exod 15:6, 12) and protect (Ps 63:9 HT [63:8 ET]). Here צֶדֶק (tsedeq) has its well-attested nuance of “vindicated righteousness,” i.e., “victory, deliverance” (see 45:8; 51:5, and BDB 841-42 s.v.).
5 tn Heb “the men of your strife”; NASB “those who contend with you.”
6 tn Heb “like nothing”; NAB “come to nought.”
7 tn Heb “the men of your struggle”; NASB “those who quarrel with you.”
8 tn Heb “the men of your battle”; NAB “who do battle with you.”
9 tn Heb “O worm Jacob” (NAB, NIV). The worm metaphor suggests that Jacob is insignificant and despised.
10 tn On the basis of the parallelism (note “worm”) and an alleged Akkadian cognate, some read “louse” or “weevil.” Cf. NAB “O maggot Israel”; NRSV “you insect Israel.”
11 tn Heb “your kinsman redeemer.” A גָּאַל (ga’al, “kinsman redeemer”) was a protector of the extended family’s interests.
12 sn See the note on the phrase “the Holy One of Israel” in 1:4.
13 tn Heb “into” (so NIV); ASV “have made thee to be.”
14 tn Heb “owner of two-mouths,” i.e., double-edged.
15 sn The mountains and hills symbolize hostile nations that are obstacles to Israel’s restoration.
16 tn Heb “will answer them” (so ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
17 tn The words “I will do this” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The Hebrew text has here simply, “in order that.”
18 tn Heb “they”; NAB, NRSV “that all may see”; CEV, NLT “Everyone will see.”
19 tn Heb “hand” (so KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV).
20 tn Or “created it” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV); TEV “has made it happen.”
