¹ tn Heb “fathered.”

² sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.

³ sn Askenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.

⁴ sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.

⁵ sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.

⁶ sn The descendants of Cush settled in Nubia (Ethiopia).

⁷ sn The descendants of Mizraim settled in Upper and Lower Egypt.

⁸ sn The descendants of Put settled in Libya.

⁹ sn The descendants of Canaan lived in the region of Phoenicia (Palestine).

¹⁰ tc The MT reads “Mash”; the LXX and 1 Chr 1:17 read “Meshech.”

sn Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. Little is known about these descendants of Aram.

¹¹ sn Ophir became the name of a territory in South Arabia. Many of the references to Ophir are connected with gold (e.g., 1 Kgs 9:28, 10:11, 22:48; 1 Chr 29:4; 2 Chr 8:18, 9:10; Job 22:24, 28:16; Ps 45:9; Isa 13:12).

¹² sn Havilah is listed with Ham in v. 7.

¹³ tc The MT reads “Puvah” (cf. Num 26:23); the Samaritan Pentateuch and Syriac read “Puah” (cf. 1 Chr 7:1).

¹⁴ tc The MT reads “Iob,” but the Samaritan Pentateuch and some LXX mss read “Jashub” (see Num 26:24; 1 Chr 7:1).