Revelation 6:15

6:15 Then¹ the kings of the earth, the² very important people, the generals,³ the rich, the powerful, and everyone, slave⁴ and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains.

Revelation 10:1

The Angel with the Little Scroll

10:1 Then⁵ I saw another powerful angel descending from heaven, wrapped⁶ in a cloud, with a rainbow above his head; his face was like the sun and his legs were like pillars of fire.⁷

Revelation 11:17

11:17 with these words:⁸

“We give you thanks, Lord God, the All-Powerful,⁹

the one who is and who was,

because you have taken your great power

and begun to reign.¹⁰

Revelation 15:3

15:3 They¹¹ sang the song of Moses the servant¹² of God and the song of the Lamb:¹³

“Great and astounding are your deeds,

Lord God, the All-Powerful!¹⁴

Just¹⁵ and true are your ways,

King over the nations!¹⁶

Revelation 16:14

16:14 For they are the spirits of the demons performing signs who go out to the kings of the earth¹⁷ to bring them together for the battle that will take place on the great day of God, the All-Powerful.¹⁸

Revelation 18:2

18:2 He¹⁹ shouted with a powerful voice:

“Fallen, fallen, is Babylon the great!

She²⁰ has become a lair for demons,

a haunt²¹ for every unclean spirit,

a haunt for every unclean bird,

a haunt for every unclean and detested beast.²²

Revelation 18:8

18:8 For this reason, she will experience her plagues²³ in a single day: disease,²⁴ mourning,²⁵ and famine, and she will be burned down²⁶ with fire, because the Lord God who judges her is powerful!”

Revelation 18:10

18:10 They will stand a long way off because they are afraid of her torment, and will say,

“Woe, woe, O great city,

Babylon the powerful city!

For in a single hour your doom²⁷ has come!”

Revelation 19:6

The Wedding Celebration of the Lamb

19:6 Then²⁸ I heard what sounded like the voice of a vast throng, like the roar of many waters and like loud crashes of thunder. They were shouting:²⁹

“Hallelujah!

For the Lord our God,³⁰ the All-Powerful,³¹ reigns!

Revelation 19:15

19:15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations.³² He³³ will rule³⁴ them with an iron rod,³⁵ and he stomps the winepress³⁶ of the furious³⁷ wrath of God, the All-Powerful.³⁸

¹tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

²tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated; nor is it translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

³tn Grk “chiliarchs.” A chiliarch was normally a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

⁴tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

⁵tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁶tn Or “clothed.”

⁷tn Or “like fiery pillars,” translating πυρός (puros) as an attributive genitive.

⁸tn Grk “saying.”

⁹tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

¹⁰tn The aorist verb ἐβασίλευσας (ebasileusa") has been translated ingressively.

¹¹tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

¹²tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

¹³tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

¹⁴tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

¹⁵tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.

¹⁶tc Certain mss (Ì⁴⁷ א*^,2 C 1006 1611 1841 pc) read “ages” (αἰώνων, aiwnwn) instead of “nations” (ἐθνῶν, eqnwn), which itself is supported by several mss (א¹ A 051 Ï). The ms evidence seems to be fairly balanced, though αἰώνων has somewhat better support. The replacement of “ages” with “nations” is possibly a scribal attempt to harmonize this verse with the use of “nations” in the following verse. On the other hand, the idea of “nations” fits well with v. 4 and it may be that “ages” is a scribal attempt to assimilate this text to 1 Tim 1:17: “the king of the ages” (βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων, basileu" twn aiwnwn). The decision is a difficult one since both scenarios deal well with the evidence, though the verbal parallel with 1 Tim 1:17 is exact while the parallel with v. 4 is not. The term “king” occurs 17 other times (most occurrences refer to earthly kings) in Revelation and it is not used with either “ages” or “nations” apart from this verse. Probably the reading “nations” should be considered original due to the influence of 1 Tim 1:17.

¹⁷tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”

¹⁸tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

¹⁹tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style

²⁰tn Or “It” (the subject is embedded in the verb in Greek; the verb only indicates that it is third person). Since the city has been personified as the great prostitute, the feminine pronoun was used in the translation.

²¹tn Here BDAG 1067 s.v. φυλακή 3 states, “a place where guarding is done, prison…Of the nether world or its place of punishment (πνεῦμα 2 and 4c) 1 Pt 3:19 (BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, 116f). It is in a φ. in the latter sense that Satan will be rendered harmless during the millennium Rv 20:7. The fallen city of Babylon becomes a φυλακή haunt for all kinds of unclean spirits and birds 18:2ab.”

²²tc There are several problems in this verse. It seems that according to the ms evidence the first two phrases (i.e., “and a haunt for every unclean spirit, and a haunt for every unclean bird” [καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου, kai fulakh panto" pneumato" akaqartou kai fulakh panto" orneou akaqartou]) are to be regarded as authentic, though there are some ms discrepancies. The similar beginnings (καὶ φυλακὴ παντός) and endings (ἀκαθάρτου) of each phrase would easily account for some mss omitting one or the other phrase. The third phrase (“a haunt for every unclean animal” [καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς θηρίου ἀκαθάρτου, kai fulakh panto" qhriou akaqartou]), however, is more problematic since it is missing in several important mss (א C 051 Ï). The passage as a whole, including the third phrase, seems to be an allusion to Isa 13:21 and 34:11. It seems reasonable, in such a case, to assume that since there is good ms evidence to support the third phrase (A 1611 2329 al), it probably dropped out of certain mss because of its similarity to the two preceding clauses. It is the presence of all three phrases in the original that most likely gave rise to the divergent ms evidence extant today.

²³tn Grk “For this reason, her plagues will come.”

²⁴tn Grk “death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).

²⁵tn This is the same Greek word (πένθος, penqo") translated “grief” in vv. 7-8.

²⁶tn Here “burned down” was used to translate κατακαυθήσεται (katakauqhsetai) because a city is in view.

²⁷tn Or “judgment,” condemnation,” “punishment.” BDAG 569 s.v. κρίσις 1.a.β states, “The word oft. means judgment that goes against a person, condemnation, and the sentence that follows…ἡ κ. σου your judgment Rv 18:10.”

²⁸tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

²⁹tn Grk “like the voice of a large crowd…saying.” Because of the complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were.”

³⁰tc Several mss (א² P 1611 2053 2344 pc Ï^K lat ) read “the Lord our God” (κύριος ὁ θεός ἡμῶν, kurio" Jo qeo" Jhmwn). Other important mss (A 1006 1841 pc), however, omit the “our” (ἡμῶν). Further, certain mss (051 Ï^A) omit “Lord” (κύριος), while others (including א*) change the order of the statement to “God our Lord” (ὁ θεός ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν). The expression “the Lord God, the All-Powerful” occurs in 6 other places in Revelation (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22) and the pronoun “our” is never used. Scribes familiar with the expression in this book, and especially with the frequent κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ (kurio" Jo qeo" Jo pantokratwr; “the Lord God, the All-Powerful”) in the OT Prophets (LXX; cf. Jer 39:19; Hos 12:6; Amos 3:13; 4:13; 5:8, 14, 15, 16, 27; 9:5, 6, 15; Nah 3:5; Zech 10:3), would naturally omit the pronoun. Its presence may have arisen due to liturgical motivations or to conform to the expression “our God” in 19:1, 5, but this seems much less likely than an aversion to using the pronoun here and only here in the Greek Bible in the fuller title κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ.

³¹tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22…κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὁ π. Rv 19:6.”

³²tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

³³tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

³⁴tn Grk “will shepherd.”

³⁵tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”

sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27, 12:5).

³⁶sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.

³⁷tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).

³⁸tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”