Jeremiah 31:19

For after we turned away from you we repented. After we came to our senses ¹  we beat our breasts in sorrow. ²  We are ashamed and humiliated because of the disgraceful things we did previously.’ ³ 

Le 26:41,42; De 30:2,6-8; Ezr 9:6; Job 13:26; Job 20:11; Ps 25:7; Isa 54:4; Jer 3:25; Jer 22:21; Jer 32:30; Eze 6:9; Eze 16:61-63; Eze 20:43,44; Eze 21:12; Eze 23:3; Eze 36:26,31; Eze 36:31; Zec 12:10; Lu 15:17-19; Lu 15:30; Lu 18:13; Joh 6:44,45; Ro 6:21; 2Co 7:10,11; Eph 2:3-5; 2Ti 2:25; Tit 3:3-7

¹ tn For this meaning of the verb see HAL 374 s.v. יָדַע Nif 5 or W. L. Holladay, Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon, 129. REB translates “Now that I am submissive” relating the verb to a second root meaning “be submissive.” (See HALOT 375 s.v. II יָדַע and J. Barr, Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament, 19-21, for evidence for this verb. Other passages cited with this nuance are Judg 8:16; Prov 10:9; Job 20:20.)

² tn Heb “I struck my thigh.” This was a gesture of grief and anguish (cf. Ezek 21:12 [21:17 HT]). The modern equivalent is “to beat the breast.”

³ tn Heb “because I bear the reproach of my youth.” For the plural referents see the note at the beginning of v. 18.

sn The expression the disgraceful things we did in our earlier history refers to the disgrace that accompanied the sins that Israel did in her earlier years before she learned the painful lesson of submission to the Lord through the discipline of exile. For earlier references to the sins of her youth (i.e., in her earlier years as a nation) see 3:24-25; 22:21 and see also 32:29. At the time that these verses were written, neither northern Israel or Judah had expressed the kind of contrition voiced in vv. 18-19. As one commentator notes, the words here are both prophetic and instructive.