Isaiah 44:25

who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers ¹  and humiliates ²  the omen readers, who overturns the counsel of the wise men ³  and makes their advice ⁴  seem foolish,

Ex 9:11; 2Sa 15:31; 2Sa 16:23; 2Sa 17:23; 1Ki 22:11,12,22-25,37; 2Ch 18:11,34; Job 5:12-14; Ps 33:10; Isa 19:11-14; Isa 29:14; Isa 47:12-14; Jer 27:9,10; Jer 28:9-17; Jer 49:7; Jer 50:36; Jer 51:57; Da 1:20; Da 2:10-12; Da 4:7; Da 5:6-8; 1Co 1:20-27; 1Co 3:19,20

¹ tc The Hebrew text has בַּדִּים (baddim), perhaps meaning “empty talkers” (BDB 95 s.v. III בַּד). In the four other occurrences of this word (Job 11:3; Isa 16:6; Jer 48:30; 50:36) the context does not make the meaning of the term very clear. Its primary point appears to be that the words spoken are meaningless or false. In light of its parallelism with “omen readers,” some have proposed an emendation to בָּרִים (barim, “seers”). The Mesopotamian baru-priests were divination specialists who played an important role in court life. See R. Wilson, Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel, 93-98. Rather than supporting an emendation, J. N. Oswalt (Isaiah [NICOT], 2:189, n. 79) suggests that Isaiah used בַּדִּים purposively as a derisive wordplay on the Akkadian word baru (in light of the close similarity of the d and r consonants).

² tn Or “makes fools of” (NIV, NRSV); NAB and NASB both similar.

³ tn Heb “who turns back the wise” (so NRSV); NIV “overthrows the learning of the wise”; TEV “The words of the wise I refute.”

⁴ tn Heb “their knowledge” (so KJV, NAB, NASB, NRSV).