Discovery BoxRevelation 1:15 
Context1:15 His feet were like polished bronze 1 refined 2 in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar 3 of many waters.
Revelation 2:18
Context2:18 “To 4 the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following: 5
“This is the solemn pronouncement of 6 the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame 7 and whose feet are like polished bronze: 8
Revelation 9:20
Context9:20 The rest of humanity, who had not been killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, so that they did not stop worshiping demons and idols made 9 of gold, silver, 10 bronze, stone, and wood – idols that cannot see or hear or walk about.
Revelation 18:12
Context18:12 cargo such as gold, silver, 11 precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple cloth, silk, 12 scarlet cloth, 13 all sorts of things made of citron wood, 14 all sorts of objects made of ivory, all sorts of things made of expensive wood, bronze, iron and marble,
1 tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears nowhere else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 2:18), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 2:18 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.
2 tn Or “that has been heated in a furnace until it glows.”
3 tn Grk “sound,” but the idea is closer to the roar of a waterfall or rapids.
4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.
5 tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.
6 tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.
sn The expression This is the solemn pronouncement of reflects an OT idiom. See the note on this phrase in 2:1.
7 tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.
8 tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.
9 tn The word “made” is not in the Greek text but is implied.
10 tn The Greek conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following materials in this list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
11 tn Grk “and silver,” but καί (kai) has not been translated before most of these terms since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more
12 tn On this term BDAG 924-25 s.v. σιρικός states, “per. to silk from Ser, subst. τὸ σιρικόν silk cloth or garments w. other costly materials Rv 18:12.”
13 tn On the translation of κόκκινον (kokkinon) as “scarlet cloth” see L&N 6.170.
14 tn On the phrase πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον (pan xulon quinon) L&N 3.63 states, “pertaining to being made or consisting of citron wood (that is, from a citron tree) – ‘of citron wood.’ καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον ‘and all kinds of things made of citron wood and all kinds of objects made of ivory’ Re 18:12. The citron tree belongs to the citrus family of plants, and it produces a pale yellow fruit somewhat larger than a lemon, the rind of which is often candied. In Re 18:12, however, the focus is upon the fine quality of the wood.”
