Discovery BoxJeremiah 50:29-34 
Context50:29 “Call for archers 1 to come against Babylon!
Summon against her all who draw the bow!
Set up camp all around the city!
Do not allow anyone to escape!
Pay her back for what she has done.
Do to her what she has done to others.
For she has proudly defied me, 2
the Holy One of Israel. 3
50:30 So her young men will fall in her city squares.
All her soldiers will be destroyed at that time,”
says the Lord. 4
50:31 “Listen! I am opposed to you, you proud city,” 5
says the Lord God who rules over all. 6
“Indeed, 7 your day of reckoning 8 has come,
the time when I will punish you. 9
50:32 You will stumble and fall, you proud city;
no one will help you get up.
I will set fire to your towns;
it will burn up everything that surrounds you.” 10
50:33 The Lord who rules over all 11 says,
“The people of Israel are oppressed.
So too are the people of Judah. 12
All those who took them captive are holding them prisoners.
They refuse to set them free.
50:34 But the one who will rescue them 13 is strong.
He is known as the Lord who rules over all. 14
He will strongly 15 champion their cause.
As a result 16 he will bring peace and rest to the earth,
but trouble and turmoil 17 to the people who inhabit Babylonia. 18
1 tn For this word see BDB 914 s.v. III רַב and compare usage in Prov 26:10 and Job 16:12 and compare the usage of the verb in Gen 49:23. Based on this evidence, it is not necessary to emend the form to רֹבִים (rovim) as many commentators contend.
2 tn Heb “for she has acted insolently against the
3 sn The Holy One of Israel is a common title for the
4 tn Heb “Oracle of the
5 tn Heb “Behold, I am against you, proud one.” The word “city” is not in the text but it is generally agreed that the word is being used as a personification of the city which had “proudly defied” the
6 tn Heb “oracle of the Lord Yahweh of armies.” For the rendering of this title and an explanation of its significance see the study note on 2:19.
7 tn The particle כִּי (ki) is probably asseverative here (so J. A. Thompson, Jeremiah [NICOT], 739, n. 13, and cf. BDB 472 s.v. כִּי 1.e for other examples). This has been a common use of this particle in the book of Jeremiah.
8 tn The words “of reckoning” are not in the text but are implicit from the context. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.
10 tn Heb “And the proud one will fall and there will be no one to help him up. I will start a fire in his towns and it will consume all that surround him.” The personification continues but now the stance is indirect (third person) rather than direct (second person). It is easier for the modern reader who is not accustomed to such sudden shifts if the second person is maintained. The personification of the city (or nation) as masculine is a little unusual; normally cities and nations are personified as feminine, as daughters or mothers.
11 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies.” For an explanation of this title see the study note on 2:19.
12 tn Heb “Oppressed are the people of Israel and the people of Judah together,” i.e., both the people of Israel and Judah are oppressed. However, neither of these renderings is very poetic. The translation seeks to achieve the same meaning with better poetic expression.
13 sn Heb “their redeemer.” The Hebrew term “redeemer” referred in Israelite family law to the nearest male relative who was responsible for securing the freedom of a relative who had been sold into slavery. For further discussion of this term as well as its metaphorical use to refer to God as the one who frees Israel from bondage in Egypt and from exile in Assyria and Babylonia see the study note on 31:11.
14 tn Heb “Yahweh of armies is his name.” For the rendering of this title see the study note on 2:19.
15 tn Or “he will certainly champion.” The infinitive absolute before the finite verb here is probably functioning to intensify the verb rather than to express the certainty of the action (cf. GKC 333 §112.n and compare usage in Gen 43:3 and 1 Sam 20:6 listed there).
16 tn This appears to be another case where the particle לְמַעַן (lÿma’an) introduces a result rather than giving the purpose or goal. See the translator’s note on 25:7 for a listing of other examples in the book of Jeremiah and also the translator’s note on 27:10.
17 tn Heb “he will bring rest to the earth and will cause unrest to.” The terms “rest” and “unrest” have been doubly translated to give more of the idea underlying these two concepts.
18 tn This translation again reflects the problem often encountered in these prophecies where the
