Discovery BoxIsaiah 9:21 
Context9:21 Manasseh fought against 1 Ephraim,
and Ephraim against Manasseh;
together they fought against Judah.
Despite all this, his anger does not subside,
and his hand is ready to strike again. 2
Isaiah 11:6
Context11:6 A wolf will reside 3 with a lamb,
and a leopard will lie down with a young goat;
an ox and a young lion will graze together, 4
as a small child leads them along.
Isaiah 11:14
Context11:14 They will swoop down 5 on the Philistine hills to the west; 6
together they will loot the people of the east.
They will take over Edom and Moab, 7
and the Ammonites will be their subjects.
Isaiah 19:23
Context19:23 At that time there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians will visit Egypt, and the Egyptians will visit Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship together. 8
Isaiah 31:3
Context31:3 The Egyptians are mere humans, not God;
their horses are made of flesh, not spirit.
The Lord will strike with 9 his hand;
the one who helps will stumble
and the one being helped will fall.
Together they will perish. 10
Isaiah 43:9
Context43:9 All nations gather together,
the peoples assemble.
Who among them announced this?
Who predicted earlier events for us? 11
Let them produce their witnesses to testify they were right;
let them listen and affirm, ‘It is true.’
Isaiah 43:17
Context43:17 the one who led chariots and horses to destruction, 12
together with a mighty army.
They fell down, 13 never to rise again;
they were extinguished, put out like a burning wick:
Isaiah 48:14
Context48:14 All of you, gather together and listen!
Who among them 14 announced these things?
The Lord’s ally 15 will carry out his desire against Babylon;
he will exert his power against the Babylonians. 16
Isaiah 65:25
Context65:25 A wolf and a lamb will graze together; 17
a lion, like an ox, will eat straw, 18
and a snake’s food will be dirt. 19
They will no longer injure or destroy
on my entire royal mountain,” 20 says the Lord.
1 tn The words “fought against” are supplied in the translation both here and later in this verse for stylistic reasons.
2 tn Heb “in all this his anger is not turned, and still his hand is outstretched” (KJV and ASV both similar); NIV “his hand is still upraised.”
sn See the note at 9:12.
3 tn The verb גּוּר (gur) normally refers to living as a dependent, resident alien in another society.
4 tc The Hebrew text reads, “and an ox, and a young lion, and a fatling together.” Since the preceding lines refer to two animals and include a verb, many emend וּמְרִיא (umÿri’, “and the fatling”) to an otherwise unattested verb יִמְרְאוּ (yimrÿ’u, “they will graze”); cf. NAB, TEV, CEV. One of the Qumran copies of Isaiah confirms this suggestion (1QIsaa). The present translation assumes this change.
5 tn Heb “fly.” Ephraim/Judah are compared to a bird of prey.
6 tn Heb “on the shoulder of Philistia toward the sea.” This refers to the slopes of the hill country west of Judah. See HALOT 506 s.v. כָּתֵף.
7 tn Heb “Edom and Moab [will be the place of] the outstretching of their hand,” i.e., included in their area of jurisdiction (see HALOT 648 s.v. ח(וֹ)מִשְׁלֹ).
8 tn The text could be translated, “and Egypt will serve Assyria” (cf. NAB), but subjugation of one nation to the other does not seem to be a theme in vv. 23-25. Rather the nations are viewed as equals before the Lord (v. 25). Therefore it is better to take אֶת (’et) in v. 23b as a preposition, “together with,” rather than the accusative sign. The names of the two countries are understood to refer by metonymy to their respective inhabitants.
9 tn Heb “will extend”; KJV, ASV, NASB, NCV “stretch out.”
10 tn Heb “together all of them will come to an end.”
11 tn Heb “and the former things was causing us to hear?”
12 tn Heb “led out chariots and horses.” The words “to destruction” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The verse refers to the destruction of the Egyptians at the Red Sea.
13 tn Heb “lay down”; NAB “lie prostrate together”; CEV “lie dead”; NRSV “they lie down.”
14 sn This probably refers to the idol gods (see v. 5).
15 tn Or “friend,” or “covenant partner.”
sn The
16 tn Heb “and his arm [against] the Babylonians.”
17 sn A similar statement appears in 11:6.
18 sn These words also appear in 11:7.
19 sn Some see an allusion to Gen 3:14 (note “you will eat dirt”). The point would be that even in this new era the snake (often taken as a symbol of Satan) remains under God’s curse. However, it is unlikely that such an allusion exists. Even if there is an echo of Gen 3:14, the primary allusion is to 11:8, where snakes are pictured as no longer dangerous. They will no longer attack other living creatures, but will be content to crawl along the ground. (The statement “you will eat dirt” in Gen 3:14 means “you will crawl on the ground.” In the same way the statement “dirt will be its food” in Isa 65:25 means “it will crawl on the ground.”)
20 tn Heb “in all my holy mountain.” These same words appear in 11:9. See the note there.
sn As in 11:1-9 the prophet anticipates a time when the categories predator-prey no longer exist. See the note at the end of 11:8.
