Genesis 10:3

10:3 The sons of Gomer were Askenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

Genesis 10:6

10:6 The sons of Ham were Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

Genesis 10:23

10:23 The sons of Aram were Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.

Genesis 10:29

10:29 Ophir, 10  Havilah, 11  and Jobab. All these were sons of Joktan.

Genesis 35:24

35:24 The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin.

Genesis 36:27-28

36:27 These were the sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan.

36:28 These were the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran.


sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.

sn Askenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.

sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.

sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.

sn The descendants of Cush settled in Nubia (Ethiopia).

sn The descendants of Mizraim settled in Upper and Lower Egypt.

sn The descendants of Put settled in Libya.

sn The descendants of Canaan lived in the region of Phoenicia (Palestine).

tc The MT reads “Mash”; the LXX and 1 Chr 1:17 read “Meshech.”

sn Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. Little is known about these descendants of Aram.

10 sn Ophir became the name of a territory in South Arabia. Many of the references to Ophir are connected with gold (e.g., 1 Kgs 9:28, 10:11, 22:48; 1 Chr 29:4; 2 Chr 8:18, 9:10; Job 22:24, 28:16; Ps 45:9; Isa 13:12).

11 sn Havilah is listed with Ham in v. 7.