Internet Verse Search Commentaries Word Analysis ITL - draft

Proverbs 30:31

Context
NET ©

a strutting rooster, 1  a male goat, and a king with his army around him. 2 

NIV ©

a strutting cock, a he-goat, and a king with his army around him.

NASB ©

The strutting rooster, the male goat also, And a king when his army is with him.

NLT ©

the strutting rooster, the male goat, a king as he leads his army.

MSG ©

a rooster, proud and strutting; a billy goat; a head of state in stately procession.

BBE ©

The war-horse, and the he-goat, and the king when his army is with him.

NRSV ©

the strutting rooster, the he-goat, and a king striding before his people.

NKJV ©

A greyhound, A male goat also, And a king whose troops are with him.


KJV
A greyhound
<04975> <02223>_;
an he goat
<08495>
also
<0176>_;
and a king
<04428>_,
against whom [there is] no rising up
<0510>_.
{greyhound: or, horse: Heb. girt in the loins}
NASB ©
The strutting
<02223>
<4975> rooster
<04975>
, the male
<08495>
goat
<08495>
also
<0176>
, And a king
<04428>
when his army
<0510>
is with him.
HEBREW
wme
<05973>
Mwqla
<0510>
Klmw
<04428>
syt
<08495>
wa
<0176>
Myntm
<04975>
ryzrz (30:31)
<02223>
LXXM
kai
<2532
CONJ
alektwr
<220
N-NSM
emperipatwn
<1704
V-PAPNS
yhleiaiv
<2338
A-DPF
euqucov {A-NSM} kai
<2532
CONJ
tragov
<5131
N-NSM
hgoumenov
<2233
V-PMPNS
aipoliou {N-GSN} kai
<2532
CONJ
basileuv
<935
N-NSM
dhmhgorwn
<1215
V-PAPNS
en
<1722
PREP
eynei
<1484
N-DSN
NET © [draft] ITL
a strutting rooster
<04975>
, a male goat
<08495>
, and a king
<04428>
with
<05973>
his army
<0510>
around him.
NET ©

a strutting rooster, 1  a male goat, and a king with his army around him. 2 

NET © Notes

tn The Hebrew term זַרְזִיר (zarzir) means “girt”; it occurs only here with “loins” in the Bible: “that which is girt in the loins” (BDB 267 s.v.). Some have interpreted this to be the “greyhound” because it is narrow in the flanks (J. H. Greenstone, Proverbs, 327); so KJV, ASV. Others have suggested the warhorse, zebra, raven, or starling. Tg. Prov 30:31 has it as the large fighting cock that struts around among the hens. There is no clear referent that is convincing, although most modern English versions use “strutting rooster” or something similar (cf. CEV “proud roosters”).

tc This last line has inspired many suggestions. The MT has “with his army around him” (אַלְקוּם עִמּוֹ, ’alqumimmo); so NIV. This has been emended to read “against whom there is no rising up” (so KJV, ASV) or “standing over his people.” The LXX has “a king haranguing his people.” Tg. Prov 30:31 has, “a king who stands up before his people and addresses them.” Some have attempted to identify this with Alcimus, the high priest who aspired to kingship (1 Macc 7:5-22), but such a suggestion is quite remote. Another interpretation sees the word for “God” in the line: “a king with whom God is.” Furthermore, C. H. Toy thinks the text is corrupt and must have at one time referred to some majestic animal (Proverbs [ICC], 537). While all these suggestions are fascinating, they have not improved or corrected the Hebrew text. At least one can say the focus is on the stately appearance of the king at some auspicious moment. The word occurs only here; but if it is interpreted with its Arabic cognate in mind, then it refers to a band of soldiers (BDB 39 s.v. אַלְקוּם).



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