Mark 12:1

Then ¹  he began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. ²  He put a fence around it, dug a pit for its winepress, and built a watchtower. Then ³  he leased it to tenant farmers ⁴  and went on a journey.

Ne 9:13,14; Ps 78:68,69; Ps 80:8-16; Ps 147:19,20; So 8:11,12; Isa 5:1-4; Isa 7:23; Jer 2:21; Eze 20:11,12,18-20; Eze 20:49; Mt 13:10-15,34,35; Mt 21:28-33; Mt 21:33-40; Mt 22:1-14; Mt 25:14; Mr 4:2,11-13,33,34; Mr 13:34; Lu 8:10; Lu 13:6-9; Lu 15:13; Lu 19:12; Lu 20:9-15; Lu 22:9; Joh 15:1-8; Ac 7:38,46,47; Ro 3:1,2; Ro 9:4,5; Ro 11:17-24

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

² sn The vineyard is a figure for Israel in the OT (Isa 5:1-7). The nation and its leaders are the tenants, so the vineyard here may well refer to the promise that resides within the nation. The imagery is like that in Rom 11:11-24.

³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

⁴ sn The leasing of land to tenant farmers was common in this period.