¹ tn Or “who overcomes.”

² tn Grk “thus.”

³ tn Or “white robes.”

⁴ tn The negation here is with οὐ μή (ou mh), the strongest possible form of negation in Koine Greek.

⁵ tn Or “will never wipe out.”

⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

⁷ tn Grk “will confess.”

⁸ tn Or “worship.” The word here is λατρεύω (latreuw).

⁹ tn Grk “will spread his tent over them,” normally an idiom for taking up residence with someone, but when combined with the preposition ἐπί (epi, “over”) the idea is one of extending protection or shelter (BDAG 929 s.v. σκηνόω).

¹⁰ tn The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.

¹¹ tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

¹² tn Or “to be buried.”

¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s directions.

¹⁴ tn Or “vine.” BDAG 54 s.v. ἄμπελος a states, “τρυγᾶν τοὺς βότρυας τῆς ἀ. τῆς γῆς to harvest the grapes fr. the vine of the earth (i.e. fr. the earth, symbol. repr. as a grapevine) Rv 14:18f; but ἀ may be taking on the meaning of ἀμπελών, as oft. in pap., possibly PHib. 70b, 2 [III bc].” The latter alternative has been followed in the translation (ἀμπελών = “vineyard”).

¹⁵ tn Although the gender of μέγαν (megan, masc.) does not match the gender of ληνόν (lhnon, fem.) it has been taken to modify that word (as do most English translations).

¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

¹⁷ tn Grk “seven plagues – the last ones.”

¹⁸ tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”

¹⁹ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

²⁰ tn See BDAG 636 s.v. μετά A.2.a.α.

²¹ tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

²² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

²³ tn Grk “will shepherd.”

²⁴ tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”

sn A quotation from Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27, 12:5).

²⁵ sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.

²⁶ tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).

²⁷ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

²⁸ tn Or “mislead.”

²⁹ sn The battle with Gog and Magog is described in the OT in Ezek 38:1-39:20.

³⁰ tn Grk “of whom the number of them [is] like the sand of the sea” (an allusion to Isa 10:22).

³¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

³² tn The shift here to past tense reflects the Greek text.

³³ tn On the phrase “broad plain of the earth” BDAG 823 s.v. πλάτος states, “τὸ πλάτος τῆς γῆς Rv 20:9 comes fr. the OT (Da 12:2 LXX. Cp. Hab 1:6; Sir 1:3), but the sense is not clear: breadth = the broad plain of the earth is perh. meant to provide room for the countless enemies of God vs. 8, but the ‘going up’ is better suited to Satan (vs. 7) who has recently been freed, and who comes up again fr. the abyss (vs. 3).” The referent here thus appears to be a plain large enough to accommodate the numberless hoards that have drawn up for battle against the Lord Christ and his saints.

³⁴ tn Or “surrounded.”

³⁵ tn On the term παρεμβολή (parembolh) BDAG 775 s.v. states, “Mostly used as a military t.t.…so always in our lit.…1. a (fortified) camp…ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἁγίων Rv 20:9 is also to be understood fr. the OT use of the word.”

³⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

³⁷ tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”

³⁸ tn Or “misled.”

³⁹ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

⁴⁰ tn The verb in this clause is elided. In keeping with the previous past tenses some translations supply a past tense verb here (“were”), but in view of the future tense that follows (“they will be tormented”), a present tense verb was used to provide a transition from the previous past tense to the future tense that follows.

⁴¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

⁴² tn Traditionally, “great,” but μέγας (megas) here refers to size rather than importance.

⁴³ tn Or “and the sky.” The same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky,” and context usually determines which is meant. In this apocalyptic scene, however, it is difficult to be sure what referent to assign the term.

⁴⁴ tn Or “vanished.”

sn The phrase the earth and the heaven fled from his presence can be understood (1) as visual imagery representing the fear of corruptible matter in the presence of God, but (2) it can also be understood more literally as the dissolution of the universe as we know it in preparation for the appearance of the new heaven and new earth (Rev 21:1).

⁴⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁴⁶ sn Here Death is personified (cf. 1 Cor 15:55).

⁴⁷ tn Grk “written.”