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Revelation 12:17

Context
12:17 So 1  the dragon became enraged at the woman and went away to make war on the rest of her children, 2  those who keep 3  God’s commandments and hold to 4  the testimony about Jesus. 5  (12:18) And the dragon 6  stood 7  on the sand 8  of the seashore. 9 

Revelation 20:4

Context

20:4 Then 10  I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. 11  I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These 12  had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They 13  came to life 14  and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.

1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the woman’s escape.

2 tn Grk “her seed” (an idiom for offspring, children, or descendants).

3 tn Or “who obey.”

4 tn Grk “and having.”

5 tn Grk “the testimony of Jesus,” which may involve a subjective genitive (“Jesus’ testimony”) or, more likely, an objective genitive (“testimony about Jesus”).

6 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the dragon) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

7 tc Grk ἐστάθη (estaqh, “he stood”). The reading followed by the translation is attested by the better mss (Ì47 א A C 1854 2344 2351 pc lat syh) while the majority of mss (051 Ï vgmss syph co) have the reading ἐστάθην (estaqhn, “I stood”). Thus, the majority of mss make the narrator, rather than the dragon of 12:17, the subject of the verb. The first person reading is most likely an assimilation to the following verb in 13:1, “I saw.” The reading “I stood” was introduced either by accident or to produce a smoother flow, giving the narrator a vantage point on the sea’s edge from which to observe the beast rising out of the sea in 13:1. But almost everywhere else in the book, the phrase καὶ εἶδον (kai eidon, “and I saw”) marks a transition to a new vision, without reference to the narrator’s activity. On both external and internal grounds, it is best to adopt the third person reading, “he stood.”

8 tn Or “sandy beach” (L&N 1.64).

9 sn The standard critical texts of the Greek NT, NA27 and UBS4, both include this sentence as 12:18, as do the RSV and NRSV. Other modern translations like the NASB and NIV include the sentence at the beginning of 13:1; in these versions chap. 12 has only 17 verses.

10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

11 tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”

12 tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.

13 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

14 tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”



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