¹ tn Heb “by you.”

² tn Heb “gore” (like an ox). If this portion of the psalm contains the song of confidence/petition the Israelites recited prior to battle, then the imperfects here and in the next line may express their expectation of victory. Another option is that the imperfects function in an emphatic generalizing manner. In this case one might translate, “you [always] drive back…you [always] trample down.”

sn The Hebrew verb translated “drive back” is literally “gore”; the imagery is that of a powerful wild ox that “gores” its enemies and tramples them underfoot.

³ tn Heb “in your name.” The Lord’s “name” refers here to his revealed character or personal presence. Specifically in this context his ability to deliver, protect, and energize for battle is in view (see Ps 54:1).

⁴ sn The image of the powerful wild ox continues; see the note on the phrase “drive back” in the preceding line.

⁵ tn Heb “those who rise up [against] us.”

⁶ tn The prefixed verbal form is a preterite (without vav [ו] consecutive).

⁷ tn Heb “an [object of] taunting and [of] mockery to those around us.”

⁸ tn Heb “the Lord of hosts is with us.” The title “Lord of hosts” here pictures the Lord as a mighty warrior-king who leads armies into battle (see Ps 24:10). The military imagery is further developed in vv. 8-9.

⁹ tn That is, Israel, or Judah (see Ps 20:1).

¹⁰ tn Heb “our elevated place” (see Pss 9:9; 18:2).

¹¹ tn Heb “the Lord of hosts is with us.” The title “Lord of hosts” here pictures the Lord as a mighty warrior-king who leads armies into battle (see Ps 24:10). The military imagery is further developed in vv. 8-9.

¹² tn That is, Israel, or Judah (see Ps 20:1).

¹³ tn Heb “our elevated place” (see Pss 9:9; 18:2).

¹⁴ tn Heb “an [object of] taunting and [of] mockery to those around us.” See Ps 44:13.

¹⁵ tn Or “for.”

¹⁶ tn Heb “all our days pass by in your anger.”

¹⁷ tn Heb “we finish our years like a sigh.” In Ezek 2:10 the word הֶגֶה (hegeh) elsewhere refers to a grumbling or moaning sound. Here a brief sigh or moan is probably in view. If so, the simile pictures one’s lifetime as transient. Another option is that the simile alludes to the weakness that characteristically overtakes a person at the end of one’s lifetime. In this case the phrase could be translated, “we end our lives with a painful moan.”

¹⁸ tn Heb “and may the delight of the Master, our God, be on us.” The Hebrew term נֹעַם (no’am, “delight”) is used in Ps 27:4 of the Lord’s “beauty,” but here it seems to refer to his favor (see BDB 653 s.v.) or kindness (HALOT 706 s.v.).

¹⁹ tn Heb “and the work of our hands establish over us, and the work of our hands, establish it.”

²⁰ tn Or “exalt.”

²¹ tn Heb “not according to our sins does he do to us.”

²² tn Heb “and not according to our misdeeds does he repay us.”