Discovery BoxPsalms 10:8-13 
Context10:8 He waits in ambush near the villages; 1
in hidden places he kills the innocent.
His eyes look for some unfortunate victim. 2
10:9 He lies in ambush in a hidden place, like a lion in a thicket; 3
he lies in ambush, waiting to catch 4 the oppressed;
he catches the oppressed 5 by pulling in his net. 6
10:10 His victims are crushed and beaten down;
they are trapped in his sturdy nets. 7
“God overlooks it;
he does not pay attention;
he never notices.” 9
O God, strike him down! 11
Do not forget the oppressed!
10:13 Why does the wicked man reject God? 12
He says to himself, 13 “You 14 will not hold me accountable.” 15
1 tn Heb “he sits in the ambush of the villages.”
2 tn Heb “his eyes for an unfortunate person lie hidden.” The language may picture a lion (see v. 9) peering out from its hiding place in anticipation that an unsuspecting victim will soon come strolling along.
3 tn Or “in its den.”
4 tn The verb, which also appears in the next line, occurs only here and in Judg 21:21.
5 tn The singular form is collective (see v. 10) or refers to the typical or representative oppressed individual.
6 tn Or “when he [i.e., the wicked man] pulls in his net.”
sn The background of the imagery is hunting, where the hunter uses a net to entrap an unsuspecting bird or wild animal.
7 tn Heb “he crushes, he is bowed down, and he falls into his strong [ones], [the] unfortunate [ones].” This verse presents several lexical and syntactical difficulties. The first word (יִדְכֶּה, yidekeh) is an otherwise unattested Qal form of the verb דָּכָה (dakhah, “crush”). (The Qere [marginal] form is imperfect; the consonantal text [Kethib] has the perfect with a prefixed conjunction vav [ו].) If the wicked man’s victim is the subject, which seems to be the case (note the two verbs which follow), then the form should be emended to a Niphal (יִדָּכֶה, yiddakheh). The phrase בַּעֲצוּמָיו (ba’atsumayv, “into his strong [ones]”), poses interpretive problems. The preposition -בְּ (bet) follows the verb נָפַל (nafal, “fall”), so it may very well carry the nuance “into” here, with “his strong [ones]” then referring to something into which the oppressed individual falls. Since a net is mentioned in the preceding verse as the instrument used to entrap the victim, it is possible that “strong [ones]” here refers metonymically to the wicked man’s nets or traps. Ps 35:8 refers to a man falling into a net (רֶשֶׁת, reshet), as does Ps 141:10 (where the plural of מִכְמָר [mikhmar, “net”] is used). A hunter’s net (רֶשֶׁת), is associated with snares (פַּח [pakh], מֹקְשִׁים, [moqÿshim]) and ropes (חֲבָלִים, khavalim) in Ps 140:5. The final word in the verse (חֶלְכָּאִים (khelka’im, “unfortunate [ones]”) may be an alternate form of חֵלְכָח (khelkhakh, “unfortunate [one]”; see vv. 8, 14). The Qere (marginal reading) divides the form into two words, חֵיל כָּאִים (khel ka’im, “army/host of disheartened [ones]”). The three verb forms in v. 10 are singular because the representative “oppressed” individual is the grammatical subject (see the singular עָנִי [’aniy] in v. 9).
8 tn Heb “he says in his heart.” See v. 6.
9 tn Heb “God forgets, he hides his face, he never sees.”
10 sn Rise up, O
11 tn Heb “lift up your hand.” Usually the expression “lifting the hand” refers to praying (Pss 28:2; 134:2) or making an oath (Ps 106:26), but here it probably refers to “striking a blow” (see 2 Sam 18:28; 20:21). Note v. 15, where the psalmist asks the
12 tn The rhetorical question expresses the psalmist’s outrage that the wicked would have the audacity to disdain God.
13 tn Heb “he says in his heart” (see vv. 6, 11). Another option is to understand an ellipsis of the interrogative particle here (cf. the preceding line), “Why does he say in his heart?”
14 tn Here the wicked man addresses God directly.
15 tn Heb “you will not seek.” The verb דָרַשׁ (darash, “seek”) is used here in the sense of “seek an accounting.” One could understand the imperfect as generalizing about what is typical and translate, “you do not hold [people] accountable.”
