Discovery BoxGenesis 19:16-25 
Context19:16 When Lot 1 hesitated, the men grabbed his hand and the hands of his wife and two daughters because the Lord had compassion on them. 2 They led them away and placed them 3 outside the city. 19:17 When they had brought them outside, they 4 said, “Run 5 for your lives! Don’t look 6 behind you or stop anywhere in the valley! 7 Escape to the mountains or you will be destroyed!”
19:18 But Lot said to them, “No, please, Lord! 8 19:19 Your 9 servant has found favor with you, 10 and you have shown me great 11 kindness 12 by sparing 13 my life. But I am not able to escape to the mountains because 14 this disaster will overtake 15 me and I’ll die. 16 19:20 Look, this town 17 over here is close enough to escape to, and it’s just a little one. 18 Let me go there. 19 It’s just a little place, isn’t it? 20 Then I’ll survive.” 21
19:21 “Very well,” he replied, 22 “I will grant this request too 23 and will not overthrow 24 the town you mentioned. 19:22 Run there quickly, 25 for I cannot do anything until you arrive there.” (This incident explains why the town was called Zoar.) 26
19:23 The sun had just risen 27 over the land as Lot reached Zoar. 28 19:24 Then the Lord rained down 29 sulfur and fire 30 on Sodom and Gomorrah. It was sent down from the sky by the Lord. 31 19:25 So he overthrew those cities and all that region, 32 including all the inhabitants of the cities and the vegetation that grew 33 from the ground.
1 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Lot) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn Heb “in the compassion of the
3 tn Heb “brought him out and placed him.” The third masculine singular suffixes refer specifically to Lot, though his wife and daughters accompanied him (see v. 17). For stylistic reasons these have been translated as plural pronouns (“them”).
4 tn Or “one of them”; Heb “he.” Several ancient versions (LXX, Vulgate, Syriac) read the plural “they.” See also the note on “your” in v. 19.
5 tn Heb “escape.”
6 tn The Hebrew verb translated “look” signifies an intense gaze, not a passing glance. This same verb is used later in v. 26 to describe Lot’s wife’s self-destructive look back at the city.
7 tn Or “in the plain”; Heb “in the circle,” referring to the “circle” or oval area of the Jordan Valley.
8 tn Or “my lords.” See the following note on the problem of identifying the addressee here. The Hebrew term is אֲדֹנָי (’adonay).
9 tn The second person pronominal suffixes are singular in this verse (note “your eyes,” “you have made great,” and “you have acted”). Verse 18a seems to indicate that Lot is addressing the angels, but the use of the singular and the appearance of the divine title “Lord” (אֲדֹנָי, ’adonay) in v. 18b suggests he is speaking to God.
10 tn Heb “in your eyes.”
11 tn Heb “you made great your kindness.”
12 sn The Hebrew word חֶסֶד (khesed) can refer to “faithful love” or to “kindness,” depending on the context. The precise nuance here is uncertain.
13 tn The infinitive construct explains how God has shown Lot kindness.
14 tn Heb “lest.”
15 tn The Hebrew verb דָּבַק (davaq) normally means “to stick to, to cleave, to join.” Lot is afraid he cannot outrun the coming calamity.
16 tn The perfect verb form with vav consecutive carries the nuance of the imperfect verbal form before it.
17 tn The Hebrew word עִיר (’ir) can refer to either a city or a town, depending on the size of the place. Given that this place was described by Lot later in this verse as a “little place,” the translation uses “town.”
18 tn Heb “Look, this town is near to flee to there. And it is little.”
19 tn Heb “Let me escape to there.” The cohortative here expresses Lot’s request.
20 tn Heb “Is it not little?”
21 tn Heb “my soul will live.” After the cohortative the jussive with vav conjunctive here indicates purpose/result.
22 tn Heb “And he said, ‘Look, I will grant.’” The order of the clauses has been rearranged for stylistic reasons. The referent of the speaker (“he”) is somewhat ambiguous: It could be taken as the angel to whom Lot has been speaking (so NLT; note the singular references in vv. 18-19), or it could be that Lot is speaking directly to the
23 tn Heb “I have lifted up your face [i.e., shown you favor] also concerning this matter.”
24 tn The negated infinitive construct indicates either the consequence of God’s granting the request (“I have granted this request, so that I will not”) or the manner in which he will grant it (“I have granted your request by not destroying”).
25 tn Heb “Be quick! Escape to there!” The two imperatives form a verbal hendiadys, the first becoming adverbial.
26 tn Heb “Therefore the name of the city is called Zoar.” The name of the place, צוֹעַר (tso’ar) apparently means “Little Place,” in light of the wordplay with the term “little” (מִצְעָר, mits’ar) used twice by Lot to describe the town (v. 20).
27 sn The sun had just risen. There was very little time for Lot to escape between dawn (v. 15) and sunrise (here).
28 tn The juxtaposition of the two disjunctive clauses indicates synchronic action. The first action (the sun’s rising) occurred as the second (Lot’s entering Zoar) took place. The disjunctive clauses also signal closure for the preceding scene.
29 tn The disjunctive clause signals the beginning of the next scene and highlights God’s action.
30 tn Or “burning sulfur” (the traditional “fire and brimstone”).
31 tn Heb “from the
sn The text explicitly states that the sulfur and fire that fell on Sodom and Gomorrah was sent down from the sky by the
32 tn Or “and all the plain”; Heb “and all the circle,” referring to the “circle” or oval area of the Jordan Valley.
33 tn Heb “and the vegetation of the ground.”
