Discovery BoxDeuteronomy 2:23 
Context2:23 As for the Avvites 1 who lived in settlements as far west as Gaza, Caphtorites 2 who came from Crete 3 destroyed them and settled down in their place.)
Deuteronomy 3:1
Context3:1 Next we set out on 4 the route to Bashan, 5 but King Og of Bashan and his whole army 6 came out to meet us in battle at Edrei. 7
Deuteronomy 22:25
Context22:25 But if the man came across 8 the engaged woman in the field and overpowered her and raped 9 her, then only the rapist 10 must die.
1 sn Avvites. Otherwise unknown, these people were probably also Anakite (or Rephaite) giants who lived in the lower Mediterranean coastal plain until they were expelled by the Caphtorites.
2 sn Caphtorites. These peoples are familiar from both the OT (Gen 10:14; 1 Chr 1:12; Jer 47:4; Amos 9:7) and ancient Near Eastern texts (Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 2:37-38; ANET 138). They originated in Crete (OT “Caphtor”) and are identified as the ancestors of the Philistines (Gen 10:14; Jer 47:4).
3 tn Heb “Caphtor”; the modern name of the island of Crete is used in the translation for clarity (cf. NCV, TEV, NLT).
4 tn Heb “turned and went up.”
5 sn Bashan. This plateau country, famous for its oaks (Isa 2:13) and cattle (Deut 32:14; Amos 4:1), was north of Gilead along the Yarmuk River.
6 tn Heb “people.”
7 sn Edrei is probably modern Deràa, 60 mi (95 km) south of Damascus (see Num 21:33; Josh 12:4; 13:12, 31; also mentioned in Deut 1:4).
8 tn Heb “found,” also in vv. 27, 28.
9 tn Heb “lay with” here refers to a forced sexual relationship, as the accompanying verb “seized” (חָזַק, khazaq) makes clear.
10 tn Heb “the man who lay with her, only him.”
