Discovery Box2 Kings 11:4-16 
Context11:4 In the seventh year Jehoiada summoned 1 the officers of the units of hundreds of the Carians 2 and the royal bodyguard. 3 He met with them 4 in the Lord’s temple. He made an agreement 5 with them and made them swear an oath of allegiance in the Lord’s temple. Then he showed them the king’s son. 11:5 He ordered them, “This is what you must do. One third of the unit that is on duty during the Sabbath will guard the royal palace. 11:6 Another third of you will be stationed at the Foundation 6 Gate. Still another third of you will be stationed at the gate behind the royal guard. 7 You will take turns guarding the palace. 8 11:7 The two units who are off duty on the Sabbath will guard the Lord’s temple and protect the king. 9 11:8 You must surround the king. Each of you must hold his weapon in his hand. Whoever approaches your ranks must be killed. You must accompany the king wherever he goes.” 10
11:9 The officers of the units of hundreds did just as 11 Jehoiada the priest ordered. Each of them took his men, those who were on duty during the Sabbath as well as those who were off duty on the Sabbath, and reported 12 to Jehoiada the priest. 11:10 The priest gave to the officers of the units of hundreds King David’s spears and the shields that were kept in the Lord’s temple. 11:11 The royal bodyguard 13 took their stations, each holding his weapon in his hand. They lined up from the south side of the temple to the north side and stood near the altar and the temple, surrounding the king. 14 11:12 Jehoiada 15 led out the king’s son and placed on him the crown and the royal insignia. 16 They proclaimed him king and poured olive oil on his head. 17 They clapped their hands and cried out, “Long live the king!”
11:13 When Athaliah heard the royal guard 18 shout, she joined the crowd 19 at the Lord’s temple. 11:14 Then she saw 20 the king standing by the pillar, according to custom. The officers stood beside the king with their trumpets and all the people of the land were celebrating and blowing trumpets. Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason, treason!” 21 11:15 Jehoiada the priest ordered the officers of the units of hundreds, who were in charge of the army, 22 “Bring her outside the temple to the guards. 23 Put the sword to anyone who follows her.” The priest gave this order because he had decided she should not be executed in the Lord’s temple. 24 11:16 They seized her and took her into the precincts of the royal palace through the horses’ entrance. 25 There she was executed.
1 tn Heb “Jehoiada sent and took.”
2 sn The Carians were apparently a bodyguard, probably comprised of foreigners. See HALOT 497 s.v. כָּרִי and M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 126.
3 tn Heb “the runners.”
4 tn Heb “he brought them to himself.”
5 tn Or “covenant.”
6 tn Heb “the gate of Sur” (followed by many English versions) but no such gate is mentioned elsewhere in the OT. The parallel account in 2 Chr 23:5 has “Foundation Gate.” סוּר (sur), “Sur,” may be a corruption of יְסוֹד (yÿsod) “foundation,” involving in part dalet-resh confusion.
7 tn Heb “the runners.”
8 tn The meaning of מַסָּח (massakh) is not certain. The translation above, rather than understanding it as a genitive modifying “house,” takes it as an adverb describing how the groups will guard the palace. See HALOT 605 s.v. מַסָּח for the proposed meaning “alternating” (i.e., “in turns”).
9 tn Verses 5b-7 read literally, “the third of you, the ones entering [on] the Sabbath and the ones guarding the guard of the house of the king, and the third in the gate of Sur, and the third in the gate behind the runners, and you will guard the guard of the house, alternating. And the two units of you, all the ones going out [on] the Sabbath, and they will guard the guard of the house of the
10 tn Heb “and be with the king in his going out and in his coming in.”
11 tn Heb “according to all that.”
12 tn Heb “came.”
13 tn Heb “the runners” (also in v. 19).
14 tn Heb “and the runners stood, each with his weapons in his hand, from the south shoulder of the house to the north shoulder of the house, at the altar and at the house, near the king all around.”
15 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Jehoiada) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
16 tn The Hebrew term עֵדוּת (’edut) normally means “witness” or “testimony.” Here it probably refers to some tangible symbol of kingship, perhaps a piece of jewelry such as an amulet or neck chain. See the discussion in M. Cogan and H. Tadmor, II Kings (AB), 128. Some suggest that a document is in view, perhaps a copy of the royal protocol or of the stipulations of the Davidic covenant. See HALOT 790-91 s.v. עֵדוּת.
17 tn Or “they made him king and anointed him.”
18 tc The MT reads, “and Athaliah heard the sound of the runners, the people.” The term הָעָם (ha’am), “the people,” is probably a scribal addition anticipating the reference to the people later in the verse and in v. 14.
19 tn Heb “she came to the people.”
20 tn Heb “and she saw, and look.”
21 tn Or “conspiracy, conspiracy.”
22 tn The Hebrew text also has, “and said to them.” This is redundant in English and has not been translated.
23 tn Heb “ranks.”
24 tn Heb “for the priest had said, ‘Let her not be put to death in the house of the
25 tn Heb “and they placed hands on her, and she went the way of the entrance of the horses [into] the house of the king.”
