¹ tn Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

² sn A quotation from Isa 53:4, 12.

³ tn The verb ἀπογίνομαι (apoginomai) occurs only here in the NT. It can have a literal meaning (“to die”; L&N 74.27) and a figurative meaning (“to cease”; L&N 68.40). Because it is opposite the verb ζάω (zaw, “to live”), many argue that the meaning of the verb here must be “die” (so BDAG 108 s.v.), but even so literal death would not be in view. “In place of ἀποθνῃσκιεν, the common verb for ‘die,’ ἀπογινεθαι serves Peter as a euphemism, with the meaning ‘to be away’ or ‘to depart’” (J. R. Michaels, 1 Peter [WBC 49], 148). It is a metaphorical way to refer to the decisive separation from sin Jesus accomplished for believers through his death; the result is that believers “may cease from sinning.”

⁴ tn Grk “whose.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁵ tn Grk the singular: “wound”; “injury.”

⁶ sn A quotation from Isa 53:5.

⁷ tc Most later mss (P Ï) have θεόν (qeon, “God”) instead of Χριστόν (Criston; “Christ”) here. But Χριστόν is widely supported by excellent and early witnesses (Ì⁷² א A B C Ψ 33 1739 al latt sy co), and as a less common idiom better explains the rise of the other reading.

⁸ tn Or “sanctify Christ as Lord.”

⁹ tn Grk “the hope in you.”

¹⁰ tn Grk “the Gentiles,” used here of those who are not God’s people.

¹¹ tn Grk “to accomplish the desire of the Gentiles.”

¹² tn Grk “having gone along,” referring to the readers’ behavior in time past.

¹³ tn According to BDAG 857 s.v. πότος the term refers to a social gathering at which wine is served, hence “drinking parties” (cf. TEV, NASB). However, the collocation with the other terms in v. 4 suggests something less sophisticated and more along the lines of wild and frenzied drinking bouts.

¹⁴ tn The Greek words here all occur in the plural to describe their common practice in the past.

¹⁵ sn In this context younger and elder are terms that combine two meanings: relative age and an official structure of leadership in the church. As in v. 1, elder here denotes those who exercise spiritual leadership, who for the most part are older in years. Likewise younger means the rest of the community, who for the most part are younger in age, who are urged to accept the authority of their leaders.

¹⁶ sn A quotation from Prov 3:34 (cf. Jas 4:6).