5:1 Then 5 I saw in the right hand of the one who was seated on the throne a scroll written on the front and back 6 and sealed with seven seals. 7
6:9 Now 8 when the Lamb opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been violently killed 9 because of the word of God and because of the testimony they had given.
7:1 After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth so no wind could blow on the earth, on the sea, or on any tree. 7:2 Then 10 I saw another angel ascending from the east, 11 who had 12 the seal 13 of the living God. He 14 shouted out with a loud voice to the four angels who had been given permission 15 to damage the earth and the sea: 16
9:1 Then 17 the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky 18 to the earth, and he was given the key to the shaft of the abyss. 19
10:1 Then 20 I saw another powerful angel descending from heaven, wrapped 21 in a cloud, with a rainbow above his head; his face was like the sun and his legs were like pillars of fire. 22
13:1 Then 23 I saw a beast coming up out of the sea. It 24 had ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns were ten diadem crowns, 25 and on its heads a blasphemous name. 26
14:6 Then 27 I saw another 28 angel flying directly overhead, 29 and he had 30 an eternal gospel to proclaim 31 to those who live 32 on the earth – to every nation, tribe, 33 language, and people.
15:1 Then 34 I saw another great and astounding sign in heaven: seven angels who have seven final plagues 35 (they are final because in them God’s anger is completed).
19:11 Then 47 I saw heaven opened and here came 48 a white horse! The 49 one riding it was called “Faithful” and “True,” and with justice 50 he judges and goes to war.
19:17 Then 51 I saw one angel standing in 52 the sun, and he shouted in a loud voice to all the birds flying high in the sky: 53
“Come, gather around for the great banquet 54 of God,
19:19 Then 55 I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army.
20:11 Then 56 I saw a large 57 white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven 58 fled 59 from his presence, and no place was found for them.
20:4 Then 60 I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. 61 I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These 62 had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They 63 came to life 64 and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
1 tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
2 tn Here the Greek conjunction καί (kai) has been translated as a contrastive (“but”) due to the contrast between the two clauses.
3 tn The words “is this” are supplied to make a complete sentence in English.
4 tn Or perhaps “the messengers.”
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
6 tn Grk “written on the inside and the outside” (an idiom for having writing on both sides).
7 tn L&N 6.55 states, “From the immediate context of Re 5:1 it is not possible to determine whether the scroll in question had seven seals on the outside or whether the scroll was sealed at seven different points. However, since according to chapter six of Revelation the seals were broken one after another, it would appear as though the scroll had been sealed at seven different places as it had been rolled up.”
8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of a new and somewhat different topic after the introduction of the four riders.
9 tn Or “murdered.” See the note on the word “butcher” in 6:4.
10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
11 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12…simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
12 tn Grk “having,” but v. 3 makes it clear that the angel’s purpose is to seal others with the seal he carries.
13 tn Or “signet” (L&N 6.54).
14 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
15 tn The word “permission” is implied; Grk “to whom it was given to them to damage the earth.”
16 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
18 tn Or “from heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
19 tn On this term BDAG 2 s.v. ἄβυσσος 2 states, “netherworld, abyss, esp. the abode of the dead Ro 10:7 (Ps 106:26) and of demons Lk 8:31; dungeon where the devil is kept Rv 20:3; abode of the θηρίον, the Antichrist 11:7; 17:8; of ᾿Αβαδδών (q.v.), the angel of the underworld 9:11…φρέαρ τῆς ἀ. 9:1f; capable of being sealed 9:1; 20:1, 3.”
20 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
21 tn Or “clothed.”
22 tn Or “like fiery pillars,” translating πυρός (puros) as an attributive genitive.
23 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
24 tn Grk “having” (a continuation of the previous sentence). All of the pronouns referring to this beast (along with the second beast appearing in 13:11) could be translated as “it” because the word for beast (θηρίον, qhrion) is neuter gender in Greek and all the pronouns related to it are parsed as neuter in the Gramcord/Accordance database. Nevertheless, most interpreters would agree that the beast ultimately represents a human ruler, so beginning at the end of v. 4 the masculine pronouns (“he,” “him,” etc.) are used to refer to the first beast as well as the second beast appearing in 13:11.
25 tn For the translation of διάδημα (diadhma) as “diadem crown” see L&N 6.196.
sn Diadem crowns were a type of crown used as a symbol of the highest ruling authority in a given area, and thus often associated with kingship.
26 tc ‡ Several
sn Whether this means a single name on all seven heads or seven names, one on each head, is not clear.
27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
28 tc Most
29 tn L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’”
30 tn Grk “having.”
31 tn Or “an eternal gospel to announce as good news.”
32 tn Grk “to those seated on the earth.”
33 tn Grk “and tribe,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
35 tn Grk “seven plagues – the last ones.”
36 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
37 sn According to the next verse, these three unclean spirits are spirits of demons.
38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s invitation to witness the fate of the prostitute.
39 tn Or “in the spirit.” “Spirit” could refer either to the Holy Spirit or the human spirit, but in either case John was in “a state of spiritual exaltation best described as a trance” (R. H. Mounce, Revelation [NICNT], 75).
40 tn Or “desert.”
41 tn The word “there” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied for stylistic reasons.
42 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
43 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
44 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
45 tn A new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
46 tn The final clause could also be turned into an adverbial clause of means: “They will consume her flesh by burning her with fire.”
47 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
48 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
49 tn A new sentence was started in the translation at this point and καί (kai) was not translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
50 tn Or “in righteousness,” but since the context here involves the punishment of the wicked and the vindication of the saints, “justice” was preferred.
51 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
52 tn The precise significance of ἐν (en) here is difficult to determine.
53 tn On μεσουρανήματι (mesouranhmati) here see L&N 1.10: “high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.” The birds mentioned here are carrion birds like vultures, circling high overhead, and now being summoned to feast on the corpses.
54 tn This is the same Greek word (δεῖπνον, deipnon) used in 19:9.
55 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
56 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
57 tn Traditionally, “great,” but μέγας (megas) here refers to size rather than importance.
58 tn Or “and the sky.” The same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky,” and context usually determines which is meant. In this apocalyptic scene, however, it is difficult to be sure what referent to assign the term.
59 tn Or “vanished.”
sn The phrase the earth and the heaven fled from his presence can be understood (1) as visual imagery representing the fear of corruptible matter in the presence of God, but (2) it can also be understood more literally as the dissolution of the universe as we know it in preparation for the appearance of the new heaven and new earth (Rev 21:1).
60 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
61 tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”
62 tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.
63 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
64 tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”