5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, 4 he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, 5 two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 6 to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.
5:11 “‘If he cannot afford 7 two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 8 he must bring as his offering for his sin which he has committed 9 a tenth of an ephah 10 of choice wheat flour 11 for a sin offering. He must not place olive oil on it and he must not put frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering. 5:12 He must bring it to the priest and the priest must scoop out from it a handful as its memorial portion 12 and offer it up in smoke on the altar on top of the other gifts of the Lord – it is a sin offering.
12:6 “‘When 23 the days of her purification are completed for a son or for a daughter, she must bring a one year old lamb 24 for a burnt offering 25 and a young pigeon or turtledove for a sin offering 26 to the entrance of the Meeting Tent, to the priest.
16:15 “He must then slaughter the sin offering goat which is for the people. He is to bring its blood inside the veil-canopy, 27 and he is to do with its blood just as he did to the blood of the bull: He is to sprinkle it on the atonement plate and in front of the atonement plate.
26:36 “‘As for 35 the ones who remain among you, I will bring despair into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a blowing leaf will pursue them, and they will flee as one who flees the sword and fall down even though there is no pursuer.
1 tn In this context the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential אָשָׁם (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303; cf. the note on Lev 5:1).
2 sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).
3 tn See the note on 4:26 regarding the use of מִן (min).
4 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).
5 tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the
6 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.
7 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach [or is not sufficient] to”; cf. NASB “if his means are insufficient for.” The expression is the same as that in Lev 5:7 above except for the verb: נָשַׂג (nasag, “to collect, to reach, to be sufficient”) is used here, but נָגַע (nagah, “to touch, to reach”) is used in v. 7. Smr has the former in both v. 7 and 11.
8 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above (cf. also 5:7).
9 tn Heb “and he shall bring his offering which he sinned.” Like the similar expression in v. 7 above (see the note there), this is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the
10 sn A tenth of an ephah would be about 2.3 liters, one day’s ration for a single person (J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:306). English versions handle the amount somewhat differently, cf. NCV “about two quarts”; TEV “one kilogramme”; CEV “two pounds.”
11 tn See the note on Lev 2:1 above.
12 sn The “memorial portion” (אַזְכָּרָה, ’azkkarah) was the part of the grain offering that was burnt on the altar (Lev 2:2), as opposed to the remainder, which was normally consumed by the priests (Lev 2:3; see the full regulations in Lev 6:14-23 [6:7-16 HT]). It was probably intended to call to mind (i.e., memorialize) before the
13 tn Heb “trespasses a trespass” (verb and direct object from the same Hebrew root, מַעַל, ma’al); cf. NIV “commits a violation.” The word refers to some kind of overstepping of the boundary between that which is common (i.e., available for common use by common people) and that which is holy (i.e., to be used only for holy purposes because it has been consecrated to the
14 tn See Lev 4:2 above for a note on “straying.”
15 sn Heb “from the holy things of the
16 tn Here the word for “guilt” (אָשָׁם, ’asham) refers to the “penalty” for incurring guilt, the so-called consequential use of אָשָׁם (’asham; see J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:303).
17 tn Heb “in your valuation, silver of shekels, in the shekel of the sanctuary.” The translation offered here suggests that, instead of a ram, the guilt offering could be presented in the form of money (see, e.g., NRSV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:326-27). Others still maintain the view that it refers to the value of the ram that was offered (see, e.g., NIV “of the proper value in silver, according to the sanctuary shekel”; also NAB, NLT; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 72-73, 81).
sn The sanctuary shekel was about 10 grams (= ca. two fifths of an ounce; J. E. Shepherd, NIDOTTE 4:237-38).
18 tn The word for “guilt offering” (sometimes translated “reparation offering”) is the same as “guilt” earlier in the verse (rendered there “[penalty for] guilt”). One can tell which is intended only by the context.
sn The primary purpose of the guilt offering was to “atone” (see the note on Lev 1:4 above) for “trespassing” on the
19 tn The statement here is condensed. See the full expression in 5:15 and the note there.
20 sn Regarding “make atonement” see the note on Lev 1:4.
21 tn Heb “on his straying which he strayed.” See the note on Lev 4:2.
22 tn Heb “there shall be forgiveness to him” or “it shall be forgiven to him” (KJV and NASB both similar).
23 tn Heb “And when” (so KJV, NASB). Many recent English versions leave the conjunction untranslated.
24 tn Heb “a lamb the son of his year”; KJV “a lamb of the first year” (NRSV “in its first year”); NAB “a yearling lamb.”
25 sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”
26 sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”
27 tn Heb “and he shall bring its blood into from house to the veil-canopy.”
28 tn Heb “So that which.”
29 tn Heb “on the faces of the field.”
30 tn Heb “As the work [or “deed”] of the land of Egypt, which you were dwelling in it, you must not do.”
31 tn Heb “and as the work [or “deed”] of the land of Canaan which I am bringing you to there, you must not do.” The participle “I am bringing” is inceptive; the
32 tn Heb “and you shall not walk.”
33 tn Heb “and you harvest its harvest.”
34 tn Heb “the sheaf of the first of your harvest.”
35 tn Heb “And.”