5:7 “‘If he cannot afford an animal from the flock, 7 he must bring his penalty for guilt for his sin that he has committed, 8 two turtledoves or two young pigeons, 9 to the Lord, one for a sin offering and one for a burnt offering.
12:6 “‘When 21 the days of her purification are completed for a son or for a daughter, she must bring a one year old lamb 22 for a burnt offering 23 and a young pigeon or turtledove for a sin offering 24 to the entrance of the Meeting Tent, to the priest.
1 tn Heb “Finally, he”; the referent (the offerer) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Once again, the MT assigns the preparation of the offering (here the entrails and legs) to the offerer because it did not bring him into direct contact with the altar, but reserves the actual placing of the sacrifice on the altar for the officiating priest (cf. the notes on vv. 5a and 6a).
2 tn Heb “toward the altar,” but the so-called locative ה (hey) attached to the word for “altar” can indicate the place where something is or happens (GKC 250 §90.d and GKC 373-74 §118.g; cf. also J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:161). This is a standard way of expressing “on/at the altar” with the verb “to offer up in smoke” (Hiphil of קָטַר [qatar]; cf. also Exod 29:13, 18, 25; Lev 1:9, 13, 15, 17; 2:2, etc.).
3 tc A few Hebrew
4 sn The standard English translation of “gift” (אִשֶּׁה, ’isheh) is “an offering [made] by fire” (cf. KJV, ASV). It is based on a supposed etymological relationship to the Hebrew word for “fire” (אֵשׁ, ’esh) and is still maintained in many versions (e.g., NIV, RSV, NRSV, NLT; B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 7-8). For various reasons, including the fact that some offerings referred to by this term are not burned on the altar (see, e.g., Lev 24:9), it is probably better to understand the term to mean “gift” (J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 22) or “food gift” (“food offering” in NEB and TEV; J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:161-62). See R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 1:540-49 for a complete discussion.
5 tn Heb “he shall not divide it.” Several Hebrew
6 sn See v. 7, where this altar is identified as the altar of fragrant incense.
7 tn Heb “and if his hand does not reach enough of a flock animal” (see the note on v. 11 below). The term translated “animal from the flock” (שֶׂה, seh) is often translated “lamb” (e.g., KJV, NASB, NIV, NCV) or “sheep” (e.g., NRSV, TEV, NLT), but it clearly includes either a sheep or a goat here (cf. v. 6), referring to the smaller pasture animals as opposed to the larger ones (i.e., cattle; cf. 4:3). Some English versions use the more generic “animal” (e.g., NAB, CEV).
8 tn Heb “and he shall bring his guilt which he sinned,” which is an abbreviated form of Lev 5:6, “and he shall bring his [penalty for] guilt to the
9 tn See the note on Lev 1:14 above.
10 tn The exact nature of this article of the priest’s clothing is difficult to determine. Cf. KJV, ASV “breeches”; NAB “drawers”; NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT “undergarments”; NCV “underclothes”; CEV “underwear”; TEV “shorts.”
11 tn Heb “he shall lift up the fatty ashes which the fire shall consume the burnt offering on the altar.”
12 tn Heb “it,” referring the “fatty ashes” as a single unit.
13 tn Heb “in it,” apparently referring to the “hearth” which was on top of the altar (cf. the note on v. 9).
14 tn Again, Aaron probably did the washing (v. 21a), but Moses presented the portions on the altar (v. 21b; cf. the note on v. 15 above).
15 tn See Lev 1:9, 13.
16 tn Instead of “on behalf of the people,” the LXX has “on behalf of your house” as in the Hebrew text of Lev 16:6, 11, 17. Many commentaries follow the LXX here (e.g., J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:578; J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 118) as do a few English versions (e.g., NAB), but others argue that, as on the Day of Atonement (Lev 16), the offerings of the priests also effected the people, even though there was still the need to have special offerings made on behalf of the people as reflected in the second half of the verse (e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 56).
17 tn Heb “from to the faces of the
18 tn Heb “fell on their faces.” Many English versions and commentaries render here “shouted for joy” (e.g., NIV; cf. NCV, NLT) or “shouted joyfully,” but the fact the people “fell on their faces” immediately afterward suggests that they were frightened as, for example, in Exod 19:16b; 20:18-21.
19 tn Or “Behold!” (so KJV, ASV, NASB); NRSV “See.”
20 tn Heb “today they presented their sin offering and their burnt offering before the
21 tn Heb “And when” (so KJV, NASB). Many recent English versions leave the conjunction untranslated.
22 tn Heb “a lamb the son of his year”; KJV “a lamb of the first year” (NRSV “in its first year”); NAB “a yearling lamb.”
23 sn See the note on Lev 1:3 regarding the “burnt offering.”
24 sn See the note on Lev 4:3 regarding the term “sin offering.”
25 tn Heb “If her hand cannot find the sufficiency of a sheep.” Many English versions render this as “lamb.”
26 tn Heb “from the sons of the pigeon,” referring either to “young pigeons” or “various species of pigeon” (contrast J. Milgrom, Leviticus [AB], 1:168, with J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 14; cf. Lev 1:14 and esp. 5:7-10).
27 tn Or “she will be[come] pure.”
28 tn Heb “Man, man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.; see the distributive repetition of the noun in GKC 395-96 §123.c).
29 tn Heb “and from the foreigner [singular] in Israel.” Some medieval Hebrew
30 tn Heb “And you shall present on the bread.”
31 tn Heb “seven flawless lambs, sons of a year.”
32 tn Heb “and one bull, a son of a herd.”
33 tc Smr and LXX add “flawless.”
34 tn Heb “and their grain offering.”
35 sn See the note on Lev 1:9.