5:22 The Lord said these things to your entire assembly at the mountain from the middle of the fire, the cloud, and the darkness with a loud voice, and that was all he said. 14 Then he inscribed the words 15 on two stone tablets and gave them to me.
8:1 You must keep carefully all these commandments 29 I am giving 30 you today so that you may live, increase in number, 31 and go in and occupy the land that the Lord promised to your ancestors. 32
28:25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror 51 to all the kingdoms of the earth.
29:2 Moses proclaimed to all Israel as follows: “You have seen all that the Lord did 52 in the land of Egypt to Pharaoh, all his servants, and his land.
31:14 Then the Lord said to Moses, “The day of your death is near. Summon Joshua and present yourselves in the tent 56 of meeting 57 so that I can commission him.” 58 So Moses and Joshua presented themselves in the tent of meeting.
32:6 Is this how you repay 61 the Lord,
you foolish, unwise people?
Is he not your father, your creator?
He has made you and established you.
The Lord came from Sinai
and revealed himself 62 to Israel 63 from Seir.
He appeared in splendor 64 from Mount Paran,
and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. 65
With his right hand he gave a fiery law 66 to them.
33:7 And this is the blessing 67 to Judah. He said,
Listen, O Lord, to Judah’s voice,
and bring him to his people.
May his power be great,
and may you help him against his foes.
33:11 Bless, O Lord, his goods,
and be pleased with his efforts;
undercut the legs 68 of any who attack him,
and of those who hate him, so that they cannot stand.
33:21 He has selected the best part for himself,
for the portion of the ruler 69 is set aside 70 there;
he came with the leaders 71 of the people,
he obeyed the righteous laws of the Lord
and his ordinances with Israel.
34:9 Now Joshua son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had placed his hands on him; 74 and the Israelites listened to him and did just what the Lord had commanded Moses.
1 tn Heb “I have placed before you the land.”
2 tn Heb “the
3 tn Heb “swore” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). This refers to God’s promise, made by solemn oath, to give the patriarchs the land.
4 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 11, 21, 35).
5 tn Heb “their seed after them.”
6 tn Heb “in your tents,” that is, privately.
7 sn Caleb had, with Joshua, brought back to Israel a minority report from Canaan urging a conquest of the land, for he was confident of the
8 tn Heb “the
9 sn Ar was a Moabite city on the Arnon River east of the Dead Sea. It is mentioned elsewhere in the “Book of the Wars of Yahweh” (Num 21:15; cf. 21:28; Isa 15:1). Here it is synonymous with the whole land of Moab.
10 sn The descendants of Lot. Following the destruction of the cities of the plain, Sodom and Gomorrah, as God’s judgment, Lot fathered two sons by his two daughters, namely, Moab and Ammon (Gen 19:30-38). Thus, these descendants of Lot in and around Ar were the Moabites.
11 sn Horites. Most likely these are the same as the well-known people of ancient Near Eastern texts described as Hurrians. They were geographically widespread and probably non-Semitic. Genesis speaks of them as the indigenous peoples of Edom that Esau expelled (Gen 36:8-19, 31-43) and also as among those who confronted the kings of the east (Gen 14:6).
12 tn Most modern English versions, beginning with the ASV (1901), regard vv. 10-12 as parenthetical to the narrative.
13 tn Heb “people.”
14 tn Heb “and he added no more” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NLT “This was all he said at that time.”
15 tn Heb “them”; the referent (the words spoken by the
16 tn Heb “the
17 tn Heb “the
18 tn For the verb אָהַב (’ahav, “to love”) as a term of choice or election, see note on the word “loved” in Deut 4:37.
19 tn Heb “oath.” This is a reference to the promises of the so-called “Abrahamic Covenant” (cf. Gen 15:13-16).
20 tn Heb “swore on oath.”
21 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 12, 13).
22 tn Heb “by a strong hand” (NAB similar); NLT “with such amazing power.”
23 sn Redeeming you from the place of slavery. The Hebrew verb translated “redeeming” (from the root פָּדָה, padah) has the idea of redemption by the payment of a ransom. The initial symbol of this was the Passover lamb, offered by Israel to the
24 tn Heb “hand” (so KJV, NRSV), a metaphor for power or domination.
25 tn Heb “come under the ban” (so NASB); NRSV “be set apart for destruction.” The same phrase occurs again at the end of this verse.
sn The Hebrew word translated an object of divine wrath (חֵרֶם, kherem) refers to persons or things placed under God’s judgment, usually to the extent of their complete destruction. See note on the phrase “divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.
26 tn Or “like it is.”
27 tn This Hebrew verb (שָׁקַץ, shaqats) is essentially synonymous with the next verb (תָעַב, ta’av; cf. תּוֹעֵבָה, to’evah; see note on the word “abhorrent” in v. 25), though its field of meaning is more limited to cultic abomination (cf. Lev 11:11, 13; Ps 22:25).
28 tn Heb “detesting you must detest and abhorring you must abhor.” Both verbs are preceded by a cognate infinitive absolute indicating emphasis.
29 tn The singular term (מִצְוָה, mitsvah) includes the whole corpus of covenant stipulations, certainly the book of Deuteronomy at least (cf. Deut 5:28; 6:1, 25; 7:11; 11:8, 22; 15:5; 17:20; 19:9; 27:1; 30:11; 31:5). The plural (מִצְוֹת, mitsot) refers to individual stipulations (as in vv. 2, 6).
30 tn Heb “commanding” (so NASB). For stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy, “giving” has been used in the translation (likewise in v. 11).
31 tn Heb “multiply” (so KJV, NASB, NLT); NIV, NRSV “increase.”
32 tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 16, 18).
33 tn Heb “in the mountain.” The demonstrative pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
34 tn Heb “your sin.” This is a metonymy in which the effect (sin) stands for the cause (the metal calf).
35 tn Heb “burned it with fire.”
36 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
37 tn Heb “according to the former writing.” See note on the phrase “the same words” in v. 2.
38 tn Heb “ten words.” The “Ten Commandments” are known in Hebrew as the “Ten Words,” which in Greek became the “Decalogue.”
39 tn Heb “the
40 tn Heb “the
41 tn Heb “Reed Sea.” “Reed Sea” (or “Sea of Reeds”) is a more accurate rendering of the Hebrew expression יָם סוּף (yam suf), traditionally translated “Red Sea.” See note on the term “Red Sea” in Exod 13:18.
42 tn Heb “the
43 tn Heb “and the Lord destroyed them to this day” (cf. NRSV); NLT “he has kept them devastated to this very day.” The translation uses the verb “annihilated” to indicate the permanency of the action.
44 tn Or “anything that has been put under the divine curse”; Heb “anything of the ban” (cf. NASB). See note on the phrase “divine judgment” in Deut 2:34.
45 tn Heb “his neighbor,” used idiomatically to refer to another person.
46 tn Heb “his neighbor and his brother.” The words “his brother” may be a scribal gloss identifying “his neighbor” (on this idiom, see the preceding note) as a fellow Israelite (cf. v. 3). In this case the conjunction before “his brother” does not introduce a second category, but rather has the force of “that is.”
47 tn Heb “in order to multiply horses.” The translation uses “do so” in place of “multiply horses” to avoid redundancy (cf. NAB, NIV).
48 tn Heb “Atone for.”
49 tn Heb “and do not place innocent blood in the midst of your people Israel.”
50 tn Heb “all the work of your hands.”
51 tc The meaningless MT reading זַעֲוָה (za’avah) is clearly a transposition of the more commonly attested Hebrew noun זְוָעָה (zÿva’ah, “terror”).
52 tn The Hebrew text includes “to your eyes,” but this is redundant in English style (cf. the preceding “you have seen”) and is omitted in the translation.
53 tn Heb “will say and see.” One expects a quotation to appear, but it seems to be omitted. To avoid confusion in the translation, the verb “will say” is omitted.
54 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” This construction is a hendiadys intended to intensify the emotion.
55 tn Or “am no longer able to lead you” (NIV, NLT); Heb “am no longer able to go out and come in.”
56 tc The LXX reads “by the door of the tent” in line with v. 10 but also, perhaps, as a reflection of its tendency to avoid over-familiarity with Yahweh and his transcendence.
57 tn Heb “tent of assembly” (מוֹעֵד אֹהֶל, ’ohel mo’ed); this is not always the same as the tabernacle, which is usually called מִשְׁכָּן (mishkan, “dwelling-place”), a reference to its being invested with God’s presence. The “tent of meeting” was erected earlier than the tabernacle and was the place where Yahweh occasionally appeared, especially to Moses (cf. Exod 18:7-16; 33:7-11; Num 11:16, 24, 26; 12:4).
58 tn Heb “I will command him.”
59 tn Heb “stiffness of neck” (cf. KJV, NAB, NIV). See note on the word “stubborn” in Deut 9:6.
60 tn Heb “How much more after my death?” The Hebrew text has a sarcastic rhetorical question here; the translation seeks to bring out the force of the question.
61 tn Or “treat” (TEV).
62 tn Or “rose like the sun” (NCV, TEV).
63 tc Heb “to him.” The LXX reads “to us” (לָנוּ [lanu] for לָמוֹ [lamo]), the reading of the MT is acceptable since it no doubt has in mind Israel as a collective singular.
tn Heb “him”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
64 tn Or “he shone forth” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
65 tc With slight alteration (מִמְרִבַת קָדֵשׁ [mimrivat qadesh] for the MT’s מֵרִבְבֹת קֹדֶשׁ [merivvot qodesh]) the translation would be “from Meribah Kadesh” (cf. NAB, NLT; see Deut 32:51). However, the language of holy war in the immediate context favors the reading of the MT, which views the Lord as accompanied by angelic hosts.
66 tc The mispointed Hebrew term אֵשְׁדָּת (’eshdat) should perhaps be construed as אֵשְׁהַת (’eshhat) with Smr.
67 tn The words “the blessing” are supplied in the translation for clarity and stylistic reasons.
68 tn Heb “smash the sinews [or “loins,” so many English versions].” This part of the body was considered to be center of one’s strength (cf. Job 40:16; Ps 69:24; Prov 31:17; Nah 2:2, 11). See J. H. Tigay, Deuteronomy (JPSTC), 325.
69 tn The Hebrew term מְחֹקֵק (mÿkhoqeq; Poel participle of חָקַק, khaqaq, “to inscribe”) reflects the idea that the recorder of allotments (the “ruler”) is able to set aside for himself the largest and best. See E. H. Merrill, Deuteronomy (NAC), 444-45.
70 tn Heb “covered in” (if from the root סָפַן, safan; cf. HALOT 764-65 s.v. ספן qal).
71 tn Heb “heads” (in the sense of chieftains).
72 tn Heb “seed” (so KJV, ASV).
73 tn The Hebrew text includes “with your eyes,” but this is redundant in English and is left untranslated.
74 sn See Num 27:18.