23:6 Then when Paul noticed 30 that part of them were Sadducees 31 and the others Pharisees, 32 he shouted out in the council, 33 “Brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. I am on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection 34 of the dead!”
28:17 After three days 49 Paul 50 called the local Jewish leaders 51 together. When they had assembled, he said to them, “Brothers, 52 although I had done 53 nothing against our people or the customs of our ancestors, 54 from Jerusalem 55 I was handed over as a prisoner to the Romans. 56
1 tn Grk “And he.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
2 tn Grk “He did not give him an inheritance in it.” This could be understood to mean that God did not give something else to Abraham as an inheritance while he was living there. The point of the text is that God did not give any of the land to him as an inheritance, and the translation makes this clear.
3 tn Grk “a step of a foot” (cf. Deut 2:5).
4 tn Grk “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 sn An allusion to Gen 12:7; 13:15; 15:2, 18; 17:8; 24:7; 48:4. On the theological importance of the promise and to his descendants after him, see Rom 4 and Gal 3.
6 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7 tn Grk “who.” The relative clause makes for awkward English style here, so the following clause was made coordinate with the conjunction “and” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun.
8 tn The participle παραγενόμενον (paragenomenon) is taken temporally.
9 tn Grk “and all.” Because of the length of the Greek sentence, the conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here. Instead a new English sentence is begun.
10 tn The word “him” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
11 tn Or “shirts” (a long garment worn under the cloak next to the skin). The name for this garment (χιτών, citwn) presents some difficulty in translation. Most modern readers would not understand what a ‘tunic’ was any more than they would be familiar with a ‘chiton.’ On the other hand attempts to find a modern equivalent are also a problem: “shirt” conveys the idea of a much shorter garment that covers only the upper body, and “undergarment” (given the styles of modern underwear) is more misleading still. “Tunic” was therefore employed, but with a note to explain its nature.
12 tn Grk “and garments,” referring here to other types of clothing besides the tunics just mentioned.
13 tn The verb ἐποίει (epoiei) has been translated as a customary imperfect.
14 tn Grk “And now.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
15 tn Grk “upon,” but in a negative sense.
16 sn The term translated mistiness here appears in the writings of the physician Galen as a medical technical description of a person who is blind. The picture of judgment to darkness is symbolic as well. Whatever power Elymas had, it represented darkness. Magic will again be an issue in Acts 19:18-19. This judgment is like that of Ananias and his wife in Acts 5:1-11.
17 tn Grk “fell on.”
18 tn The noun χειραγωγός (ceiragwgo") is plural, so “people” is used rather than singular “someone.”
19 tn Or “clerk.” The “scribe” (γραμματεύς, grammateu") was the keeper of the city’s records.
20 tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo").
21 tn See BDAG 670 s.v. νεωκόρος. The city is described as the “warden” or “guardian” of the goddess and her temple.
22 sn Artemis was a Greek goddess worshiped particularly in Asia Minor, whose temple, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located just outside the city of Ephesus.
23 tn Or “from the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
sn The expression fell from heaven adds a note of apologetic about the heavenly origin of the goddess. The city’s identity and well-being was wrapped up with this connection, in their view. Many interpreters view her image that fell from heaven as a stone meteorite regarded as a sacred object.
24 tn Grk “And coming.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here. The participle ἐλθών (elqwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
25 tn Grk “and taking.” This καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more. The participle ἄρας (aras) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
26 sn The belt was a band or sash used to keep money as well as to gird up the tunic (BDAG 431 s.v. ζώνη).
27 tn The participle δήσας (dhsas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
28 tn The words “with it” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
29 tn Grk “and will deliver him over into the hands of” (a Semitic idiom).
sn The Jews…will tie up…and will hand him over. As later events will show, the Jews in Jerusalem did not personally tie Paul up and hand him over to the Gentiles, but their reaction to him was the cause of his arrest (Acts 21:27-36).
30 tn BDAG 200 s.v. γινώσκω 4 has “to be aware of someth., perceive, notice, realize”; this is further clarified by section 4.c: “w. ὅτι foll….Ac 23:6.”
31 sn See the note on Sadducees in 4:1.
32 sn See the note on Pharisee in 5:34.
33 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
34 tn That is, concerning the hope that the dead will be resurrected. Grk “concerning the hope and resurrection.” BDAG 320 s.v. ἐλπίς 1.b.α states, “Of Israel’s messianic hope Ac 23:6 (ἐ. καὶ ἀνάστασις for ἐ. τῆς ἀν. [obj. gen] as 2 Macc 3:29 ἐ. καὶ σωτηρία).” With an objective genitive construction, the resurrection of the dead would be the “object” of the hope.
35 tn Grk “the Sanhedrin” (the Sanhedrin was the highest legal, legislative, and judicial body among the Jews).
36 tn Grk “the chiliarch” (an officer in command of a thousand soldiers). See note on the term “commanding officer” in v. 10.
37 tn Or “decide.” BDAG 227 s.v. διαγινώσκω has “ἀκριβέστερον τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ to make a more thorough examination of his case Ac 23:15.”
38 tn Grk “determine the things about him.”
39 tn The expression “more thorough inquiry” reflects the comparative form of ἀκριβέστερον (akribesteron).
40 sn “We are ready to kill him.” Now those Jews involved in the conspiracy, along with the leaders as accomplices, are going to break one of the ten commandments.
41 tn The words “this place” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
42 sn See the note on Porcius Festus in 24:27.
43 sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.
44 tn Probably best understood as rhetorical hyperbole. BDAG 825 s.v. πλῆθος 2.b.γ states, “people, populace, population…τὸ πλῆθος the populace…ἅπαν τὸ πλ. τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων Ac 25:24.” However, the actions of the leadership are seen by Luke as representing the actions of the entire nation, so the remark is not inaccurate.
45 tn Or “appealed to” (BDAG 341 s.v. ἐντυγχάνω 1.a).
46 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
47 sn Here means “here in Caesarea.”
48 tn Or “screaming.”
49 tn Grk “It happened that after three days.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
50 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
51 tn L&N 33.309 has “‘after three days, he called the local Jewish leaders together’ Ac 28:17.”
52 tn Grk “Men brothers,” but this is both awkward and unnecessary in English.
53 tn The participle ποιήσας (poihsas) has been translated as a concessive adverbial participle.
54 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
sn I had done nothing against our people or the customs of our ancestors. Once again Paul claimed to be faithful to the Jewish people and to the God of Israel.
55 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
56 tn Grk “into the hands of the Romans,” but this is redundant when παρεδόθην (paredoqhn) has been translated “handed over.”