4:13 When they saw the boldness 14 of Peter and John, and discovered 15 that they were uneducated 16 and ordinary 17 men, they were amazed and recognized these men had been with Jesus.
4:32 The group of those who believed were of one heart and mind, 23 and no one said that any of his possessions was his own, but everything was held in common. 24 4:33 With 25 great power the apostles were giving testimony 26 to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was on them all.
1 sn Filled with the Holy Spirit. The narrator’s remark about the Holy Spirit indicates that Peter speaks as directed by God and for God. This fulfills Luke 12:11-12 (1 Pet 3:15).
2 tn Grk “Spirit, said to them.”
3 tc The Western and Byzantine texts, as well as one or two Alexandrian witnesses, read τοῦ ᾿Ισραήλ (tou Israhl, “of Israel”) after πρεσβύτεροι (presbuteroi, “elders”; so D E Ψ 33 1739 Ï it), while most of the better witnesses, chiefly Alexandrian (Ì74 א A B 0165 1175 vg sa bo), lack this modifier. The longer reading was most likely added by scribes to give literary balance to the addressees in that “Rulers” already had an adjunct while “elders” was left absolute.
4 tn This clause is a first class condition. It assumes for the sake of argument that this is what they were being questioned about.
5 tn Or “questioned.” The Greek term ἀνακρίνω (anakrinw) points to an examination similar to a legal one.
6 tn Or “for an act of kindness.”
7 tn Or “delivered” (σέσωται [seswtai], from σώζω [swzw]). See 4:12.
8 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
9 tn Grk “This one”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
10 tn The word “you” is inserted into the quotation because Peter is making a direct application of Ps 118:22 to his hearers. Because it is not in the OT, it has been left as normal type (rather than bold italic). The remarks are like Acts 2:22-24 and 3:12-15.
11 sn A quotation from Ps 118:22 which combines the theme of rejection with the theme of God’s vindication/exaltation.
12 tn Here ἀνθρώποις (anqrwpoi") has been translated as a generic noun (“people”).
13 sn Must be saved. The term used here (δεῖ, dei, “it is necessary”) reflects the necessity set up by God’s directive plan.
14 tn Or “courage.”
15 tn Or “and found out.”
16 sn Uneducated does not mean “illiterate,” that is, unable to read or write. Among Jews in NT times there was almost universal literacy, especially as the result of widespread synagogue schools. The term refers to the fact that Peter and John had no formal rabbinic training and thus, in the view of their accusers, were not qualified to expound the law or teach publicly. The objection is like Acts 2:7.
17 tn For the translation of ἰδιῶται (idiwtai) as “ordinary men” see L&N 27.26.
18 tn Grk “And when.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
19 sn The place where they were assembled…was shaken. This signifies that God is in their midst. See Acts 16:26; Exod 19:18; Ps 114:7; Isa 6:4.
20 tn The imperfect verb has been translated as an ingressive imperfect (“began to speak”). Logical sequencing suggests that their speaking began after they were filled with the Spirit. The prayer was answered immediately.
21 tn Or “speak God’s message.”
22 tn Or “with boldness.”
23 tn Grk “soul.”
24 tn Grk “but all things were to them in common.”
sn Everything was held in common. The remark is not a reflection of political philosophy, but of the extent of their spontaneous commitment to one another. Such a response does not have the function of a command, but is reflective of an attitude that Luke commends as evidence of their identification with one another.
25 tn Grk “And with.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
26 tn Or “were witnessing.”