9:1 Listen, Israel: Today you are about to cross the Jordan so you can dispossess the nations there, people greater and stronger than you who live in large cities with extremely high fortifications. 1 9:2 They include the Anakites, 2 a numerous 3 and tall people whom you know about and of whom it is said, “Who is able to resist the Anakites?” 9:3 Understand today that the Lord your God who goes before you is a devouring fire; he will defeat and subdue them before you. You will dispossess and destroy them quickly just as he 4 has told you. 9:4 Do not think to yourself after the Lord your God has driven them out before you, “Because of my own righteousness the Lord has brought me here to possess this land.” It is because of the wickedness of these nations that the Lord is driving them out ahead of you. 9:5 It is not because of your righteousness, or even your inner uprightness, 5 that you have come here to possess their land. Instead, because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out ahead of you in order to confirm the promise he 6 made on oath to your ancestors, 7 to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. 9:6 Understand, therefore, that it is not because of your righteousness that the Lord your God is about to give you this good land as a possession, for you are a stubborn 8 people!
9:7 Remember – don’t ever forget 9 – how you provoked the Lord your God in the desert; from the time you left the land of Egypt until you came to this place you were constantly rebelling against him. 10 9:8 At Horeb you provoked him and he was angry enough with you to destroy you. 9:9 When I went up the mountain to receive the stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant that the Lord made with you, I remained there 11 forty days and nights, eating and drinking nothing. 9:10 The Lord gave me the two stone tablets, written by the very finger 12 of God, and on them was everything 13 he 14 said to you at the mountain from the midst of the fire at the time of that assembly. 9:11 Now at the end of the forty days and nights the Lord presented me with the two stone tablets, the tablets of the covenant. 9:12 And he said to me, “Get up, go down at once from here because your people whom you brought out of Egypt have sinned! They have quickly turned from the way I commanded them and have made for themselves a cast metal image.” 15 9:13 Moreover, he said to me, “I have taken note of these people; they are a stubborn 16 lot! 9:14 Stand aside 17 and I will destroy them, obliterating their very name from memory, 18 and I will make you into a stronger and more numerous nation than they are.”
9:15 So I turned and went down the mountain while it 19 was blazing with fire; the two tablets of the covenant were in my hands. 9:16 When I looked, you had indeed sinned against the Lord your God and had cast for yourselves a metal calf; 20 you had quickly turned aside from the way he 21 had commanded you! 9:17 I grabbed the two tablets, threw them down, 22 and shattered them before your very eyes. 9:18 Then I again fell down before the Lord for forty days and nights; I ate and drank nothing because of all the sin you had committed, doing such evil before the Lord as to enrage him. 9:19 For I was terrified at the Lord’s intense anger 23 that threatened to destroy you. But he 24 listened to me this time as well. 9:20 The Lord was also angry enough at Aaron to kill him, but at that time I prayed for him 25 too. 9:21 As for your sinful thing 26 that you had made, the calf, I took it, melted it down, 27 ground it up until it was as fine as dust, and tossed the dust into the stream that flows down the mountain. 9:22 Moreover, you continued to provoke the Lord at Taberah, 28 Massah, 29 and Kibroth-Hattaavah. 30 9:23 And when he 31 sent you from Kadesh-Barnea and told you, “Go up and possess the land I have given you,” you rebelled against the Lord your God 32 and would neither believe nor obey him. 9:24 You have been rebelling against him 33 from the very first day I knew you!
9:25 I lay flat on the ground before the Lord for forty days and nights, 34 for he 35 had said he would destroy you. 9:26 I prayed to him: 36 O, Lord God, 37 do not destroy your people, your valued property 38 that you have powerfully redeemed, 39 whom you brought out of Egypt by your strength. 40 9:27 Remember your servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; ignore the stubbornness, wickedness, and sin of these people. 9:28 Otherwise the people of the land 41 from which you brought us will say, “The Lord was unable to bring them to the land he promised them, and because of his hatred for them he has brought them out to kill them in the desert.” 42 9:29 They are your people, your valued property, 43 whom you brought out with great strength and power. 44
1 tn Heb “fortified to the heavens” (so NRSV); NLT “cities with walls that reach to the sky.” This is hyperbole.
2 sn Anakites. See note on this term in Deut 1:28.
3 tn Heb “great and tall.” Many English versions understand this to refer to physical size or strength rather than numbers (cf. “strong,” NIV, NCV, NRSV, NLT).
4 tn Heb “the
5 tn Heb “uprightness of your heart” (so NASB, NRSV). The Hebrew word צְדָקָה (tsÿdaqah, “righteousness”), though essentially synonymous here with יֹשֶׁר (yosher, “uprightness”), carries the idea of conformity to an objective standard. The term יֹשֶׁר has more to do with an inner, moral quality (cf. NAB, NIV “integrity”). Neither, however, was grounds for the
6 tn Heb “the
7 tn Heb “fathers.”
8 tn Heb “stiff-necked” (so KJV, NAB, NIV).
sn The Hebrew word translated stubborn means “stiff-necked.” The image is that of a draft animal that is unsubmissive to the rein or yoke and refuses to bend its neck to draw the load. This is an apt description of OT Israel (Exod 32:9; 33:3, 5; 34:9; Deut 9:13).
9 tn By juxtaposing the positive זְכֹר (zekhor, “remember”) with the negative אַל־תִּשְׁכַּח (’al-tishÿkakh, “do not forget”), Moses makes a most emphatic plea.
10 tn Heb “the
11 tn Heb “in the mountain.” The demonstrative pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
12 sn The very finger of God. This is a double figure of speech (1) in which God is ascribed human features (anthropomorphism) and (2) in which a part stands for the whole (synecdoche). That is, God, as Spirit, has no literal finger nor, if he had, would he write with his finger. Rather, the sense is that God himself – not Moses in any way – was responsible for the composition of the Ten Commandments (cf. Exod 31:18; 32:16; 34:1).
13 tn Heb “according to all the words.”
14 tn Heb “the
15 tc Heb “a casting.” The MT reads מַסֵּכָה (massekhah, “a cast thing”) but some
16 tn Heb “stiff-necked.” See note on the word “stubborn” in 9:6.
17 tn Heb “leave me alone.”
18 tn Heb “from under heaven.”
19 tn Heb “the mountain.” The translation uses a pronoun for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.
20 tn On the phrase “metal calf,” see note on the term “metal image” in v. 12.
21 tn Heb “the
22 tn The Hebrew text includes “from upon my two hands,” but as this seems somewhat obvious and redundant, it has been left untranslated for stylistic reasons.
23 tn Heb “the anger and the wrath.” Although many English versions translate as two terms, this construction is a hendiadys which serves to intensify the emotion (cf. NAB, TEV “fierce anger”).
24 tn Heb “the
25 tn Heb “Aaron.” The pronoun is used in the translation to avoid redundancy.
26 tn Heb “your sin.” This is a metonymy in which the effect (sin) stands for the cause (the metal calf).
27 tn Heb “burned it with fire.”
28 sn Taberah. By popular etymology this derives from the Hebrew verb בָעַר (ba’ar, “to burn”), thus, here, “burning.” The reference is to the
29 sn Massah. See note on this term in Deut 6:16.
30 sn Kibroth-Hattaavah. This place name means in Hebrew “burial places of appetite,” that is, graves that resulted from overindulgence. The reference is to the Israelites stuffing themselves with the quail God had provided and doing so with thanklessness (Num 11:31-35).
31 tn Heb “the
32 tn Heb “the mouth of the Lord your God,” that is, against the commandment that he had spoken.
33 tn Heb “the
34 tn The Hebrew text includes “when I prostrated myself.” Since this is redundant, it has been left untranslated.
35 tn Heb “the
36 tn Heb “the
37 tn Heb “Lord
38 tn Heb “your inheritance”; NLT “your special (very own NRSV) possession.” Israel is compared to landed property that one would inherit from his ancestors and pass on to his descendants.
39 tn Heb “you have redeemed in your greatness.”
40 tn Heb “by your strong hand.”
41 tc The MT reads only “the land.” Smr supplies עַם (’am, “people”) and LXX and its dependents supply “the inhabitants of the land.” The truncated form found in the MT is adequate to communicate the intended meaning; the words “the people of” are supplied in the translation for clarity.
42 tn Or “wilderness” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV, NLT).
43 tn Heb “your inheritance.” See note at v. 26.
44 tn Heb “an outstretched arm.”