Hosea 13:1
ContextNETBible | When Ephraim 1 spoke, 2 there was terror; 3 he was exalted 4 in Israel, but he became guilty by worshiping Baal and died. |
XREF | Ge 2:17; Nu 2:18-21; Nu 10:22; Nu 13:8,16; Nu 27:16-23; Jos 3:7; 1Sa 15:17; 1Ki 12:25; 1Ki 16:29-33; 1Ki 18:18,19; 2Ki 17:16-18; Pr 18:12; Isa 66:2; Ho 11:2; Lu 14:11; Ro 5:12; 2Co 5:14 |
NET © Notes |
1 sn In Hosea the name “Ephraim” does not refer to the tribe, but to the region of Mount Ephraim where the royal residence of Samaria was located. It functions as a synecdoche of location (Mount Ephraim) for its inhabitants (the king of Samaria; e.g., 5:13; 8:8, 10). 2 tn The rulers of Ephraim (i.e., Samaria) issued many political decisions in the 8th century 3 tn The noun רְתֵת (rÿtet, “terror, trembling”) appears only here in OT (BDB 958 s.v. רְתֵת; HALOT 1300-1301 s.v. רְתֵת). However, it is attested in 1QH 4:33 where it means “trembling” and is used as a synonym with רַעַד (ra’ad, “quaking”). It also appears in Mishnaic Hebrew, meaning “trembling” (G. Dalman, Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch, 406, s.v. רעד). This is the meaning reflected in the Greek recensions of Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion, as well as Jerome’s Latin Vulgate. 4 tc The MT vocalizes the consonantal text as נָשָׂא (nasa’, “he exalted”; Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular) which is syntactically awkward. The LXX and Syriac reflect a vocalization tradition of נִשָּׂא (nisa’, “he was exalted”; Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular). The BHS editors suggest that this revocalization should be adopted, and it has been followed by NAB, NIV, NRSV. |