Discovery Box| (0.30) | (Psa 12:2) | 1 tn Heb “falsehood they speak, a man with his neighbor.” The imperfect verb forms in v. 2 describe what is typical in the psalmist’s experience. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 9:8) | 1 tn Heb “the peoples.” The imperfect verbal forms in v. 8 either describe God’s typical, characteristic behavior, or anticipate a future judgment of worldwide proportions (“will judge…”). |
| (0.30) | (Psa 8:2) | 2 tn Heb “to cause to cease an enemy and an avenger.” The singular forms are collective. The Hitpael participle of נָקַם (naqam) also occurs in Ps 44:16. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 7:7) | 1 tn Heb “and the assembly of the peoples surrounds you.” Some understand the prefixed verbal form as a jussive, “may the assembly of the peoples surround you.” |
| (0.30) | (Psa 7:5) | 3 tn Heb “and may he overtake.” The prefixed verbal form is distinctly jussive. The object “me,” though unexpressed, is understood from the preceding statement. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 6:3) | 1 tn Heb “my being is very terrified.” The suffixed form of נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh, “being”) is often equivalent to a pronoun in poetic texts. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 6:4) | 1 tn Heb “my being,” or “my life.” The suffixed form of נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh, “being”) is often equivalent to a pronoun in poetic texts. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 5:12) | 2 tn Or “bless.” The imperfect verbal forms here and in the next line highlight how God characteristically rewards and protects the godly. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 5:11) | 7 tn The vav (ו) with prefixed verbal form following the volitional “shelter them” indicates purpose or result (“so that those…may rejoice). |
| (0.30) | (Psa 5:11) | 2 tn The prefixed verbal form is a jussive of wish or prayer. The psalmist calls on God to reward his faithful followers. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 5:1) | 2 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word נְחִילוֹת (nekhilot), which occurs only here, is uncertain. Many relate the form to חָלִיל (khalil, “flute”). |
| (0.30) | (Psa 4:7) | 1 tn Heb “you place joy in my heart.” Another option is to understand the perfect verbal form as indicating certitude, “you will make me happier.” |
| (0.30) | (Psa 3:4) | 1 tn The prefixed verbal form could be an imperfect, yielding the translation “I cry out,” but the verb form in the next line (a vav [ו] consecutive with the preterite) suggests this is a brief narrative of what has already happened. Consequently the verb form in v. 4a is better understood as a preterite, “I cried out.” (For another example of the preterite of this same verb form, see Ps 30:8.) Sometime after the crisis arose, the psalmist prayed to the Lord and received an assuring answer. Now he confidently awaits the fulfillment of the divine promise. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 1:4) | 2 tn Heb “[they are] like the chaff which [the] wind blows about.” The Hebrew imperfect verbal form draws attention to the typical nature of the action described. |
| (0.30) | (Psa 1:3) | 4 tn The Hebrew imperfect verbal forms in v. 3 draw attention to the typical nature of the actions/states they describe. |
| (0.30) | (Job 40:15) | 2 sn By form the word is the feminine plural of the Hebrew word for “beast.” Here it is an abstract word—a title. |
| (0.30) | (Job 37:6) | 1 tn The verb actually means “be” (found here in the Aramaic form). The verb “to be” can mean “to happen, to fall, to come about.” |
| (0.30) | (Job 32:22) | 1 tn The construction uses a perfect verb followed by the imperfect. This is a form of subordination equivalent to a complementary infinitive (see GKC 385-86 §120.c). |
| (0.30) | (Job 31:32) | 1 tn This verse forms another parenthesis. Job stops almost at every point now in the conditional clauses to affirm his purity and integrity. |
| (0.30) | (Job 26:7) | 2 sn There is an allusion to the creation account, for this word is תֹּהוּ (tohu), translated “without form” in Gen 1:2. |
