¹ sn A centurion was a noncommissioned officer in the Roman army or one of the auxiliary territorial armies, commanding a centuria of (nominally) 100 men. The responsibilities of centurions were broadly similar to modern junior officers, but there was a wide gap in social status between them and officers, and relatively few were promoted beyond the rank of senior centurion. The Roman troops stationed in Judea were auxiliaries, who would normally be rewarded with Roman citizenship after 25 years of service. Some of the centurions may have served originally in the Roman legions (regular army) and thus gained their citizenship at enlistment. Others may have inherited it, like Paul.

² tn Grk “the way he breathed his last”; or “the way he expired”; or “that he thus breathed no more.”

³ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁴ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Pilate) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁵ sn See the note on the word centurion in 15:39.