Discovery BoxRuth 3:7 
Context3:7 When Boaz had finished his meal and was feeling satisfied, he lay down to sleep at the far end of the grain heap. 1 Then Ruth 2 crept up quietly, 3 uncovered his legs, 4 and lay down beside him. 5
Ruth 3:16
Context3:16 and she returned to her mother-in-law.
When Ruth returned to her mother-in-law, Naomi 6 asked, 7 “How did things turn out for you, 8 my daughter?” Ruth 9 told her about all the man had done for her. 10
Ruth 4:1
Context4:1 Now Boaz went up 11 to the village gate and sat there. Then along came the guardian 12 whom Boaz had mentioned to Ruth! 13 Boaz said, “Come 14 here and sit down, ‘John Doe’!” 15 So he came 16 and sat down.
1 tn Heb “and Boaz ate and drank and his heart was well and he went to lie down at the end of the heap”; NAB “at the edge of the sheaves.”
2 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Ruth) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
3 sn Ruth must have waited until Boaz fell asleep, for he does not notice when she uncovers his legs and lies down beside him.
4 tn See the note on the word “legs” in v. 4.
5 tn The words “beside him” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. Cf. TEV “at his feet”; CEV “near his feet.”
6 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Naomi) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
7 tn Heb “said.” Since what follows is a question, the present translation uses “asked” here.
8 tn Heb “Who are you?” In this context Naomi is clearly not asking for Ruth’s identity. Here the question has the semantic force “Are you his wife?” See R. L. Hubbard, Jr., Ruth (NICOT), 223-24, and F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 184-85.
9 tn Heb “she”; the referent (Ruth) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
10 sn All that the man had done. This would have included his promise to marry her and his gift of barley.
11 tn The disjunctive clause structure (note the pattern vav [ו] + subject + verb) here signals the beginning of a new scene.
12 tn Sometimes translated “redeemer.” See the note on the phrase “guardian of the family interests” in 3:9.
13 tn Heb “look, the guardian was passing by of whom Boaz had spoken.”
14 tn Heb “turn aside” (so KJV, NASB); NIV, TEV, NLT “Come over here.”
15 tn Heb “a certain one”; KJV, ASV “such a one.” The expression פְלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי (pÿloni ’almoni) is not the name of the nearest relative, but an idiom which literally means “such and such” or “a certain one” (BDB 811-12 s.v. פְלֹנִי), which is used when one wishes to be ambiguous (1 Sam 21:3; 2 Kgs 6:8). Certainly Boaz would have known his relative’s name, especially in such a small village, and would have uttered his actual name. However the narrator refuses to record his name in a form of poetic justice because he refused to preserve Mahlon’s “name” (lineage) by marrying his widow (see 4:5, 9-10). This close relative, who is a literary foil for Boaz, refuses to fulfill the role of family guardian. Because he does nothing memorable, he remains anonymous in a chapter otherwise filled with names. His anonymity contrasts sharply with Boaz’s prominence in the story and the fame he attains through the child born to Ruth. Because the actual name of this relative is not recorded, the translation of this expression is difficult since contemporary English style expects either a name or title. This is usually supplied in modern translations: “friend” (NASB, NIV, RSV, NRSV, NLT), “so-and-so” (JPS, NJPS). Perhaps “Mr. So-And-So!” or “Mr. No-Name!” makes the point. For discussion see Adele Berlin, Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative, 99-101; R. L. Hubbard, Jr., Ruth (NICOT), 233-35; F. W. Bush, Ruth, Esther (WBC), 196-97. In the present translation “John Doe” is used since it is a standard designation for someone who is a party to legal proceedings whose true name is unknown.
16 tn Heb “and he turned aside” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “And he went over.”
