¹ tn Grk “likewise so also the males abandoning the natural function of the female.”

² tn Grk “burned with intense desire” (L&N 25.16).

³ tn Grk “another, men committing…and receiving,” continuing the description of their deeds. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁴ tn Grk “the father of circumcision.”

⁵ tn Grk “the ‘in-uncircumcision faith’ of our father Abraham.”

⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁷ tn Grk “who against hope believed,” referring to Abraham. The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁸ sn A quotation from Gen 17:5.

⁹ tn Grk “according to that which had been spoken.”

¹⁰ sn A quotation from Gen 15:5.

¹¹ tn Grk “and not as through the one who sinned [is] the gift.”

¹² tn The word “transgression” is not in the Greek text at this point, but has been supplied for clarity.

¹³ tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

¹⁴ tn Or “falls, trespasses,” the same word used in vv. 15, 17, 18, 20.

¹⁵ sn Here the one man refers to Adam (cf. 5:14).

¹⁶ tc ‡ Most mss (א* A 1739 1881 Ï sy) read “I give thanks to God” rather than “Now thanks be to God” (א¹ [B] Ψ 33 81 104 365 1506 pc), the reading of NA²⁷. The reading with the verb (εὐχαριστῶ τῷ θεῷ, eucaristw tw qew) possibly arose from a transcriptional error in which several letters were doubled (TCGNT 455). The conjunction δέ (de, “now”) is included in some mss as well (א¹ Ψ 33 81 104 365 1506 pc), but it should probably not be considered original. The ms support for the omission of δέ is both excellent and widespread (א* A B D 1739 1881 Ï lat sy), and its addition can be explained as an insertion to smooth out the transition between v. 24 and 25.

¹⁷ tn There is a double connective here that cannot be easily preserved in English: “consequently therefore,” emphasizing the conclusion of what he has been arguing.

¹⁸ tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

¹⁹ tn The words “I serve” have been repeated here for clarity.

²⁰ tn Or “are not controlled by the flesh but by the Spirit.”

²¹ tn Grk “Israel did not ‘not know,’ did he?” The double negative in Greek has been translated as a positive affirmation for clarity (see v. 18 above for a similar situation).

²² sn A quotation from Deut 32:21.

²³ tn Grk “that they might fall.”

²⁴ tn Grk “them”; the referent (Israel, cf. 11:7) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

²⁵ tn Grk “and this,” probably referring to the command to love (13:8-10); hence, “do” is implied from the previous verses.

²⁶ tn The participle εἰδότες (eidotes) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.