Discovery BoxRevelation 9:5 
Context9:5 The locusts 1 were not given permission 2 to kill 3 them, but only to torture 4 them 5 for five months, and their torture was like that 6 of a scorpion when it stings a person. 7
Revelation 11:2
Context11:2 But 8 do not measure the outer courtyard 9 of the temple; leave it out, 10 because it has been given to the Gentiles, 11 and they will trample on the holy city 12 for forty-two months.
1 tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2 tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
3 tn The two ἵνα (Jina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edoqh).
4 tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states, “1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b. – 2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”
5 tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.
6 tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.
7 tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.
8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
9 tn On the term αὐλήν (aulhn) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple…Rv 11:2.”
10 tn The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν (ekbale exwqen) is difficult to determine.
11 tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
12 sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
