¹ sn An allusion to Isa 25:8.

² tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.

⁴ tn The two ἵνα (Jina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edoqh).

⁵ tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states, “1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b. – 2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”

⁶ tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.

⁷ tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.

⁸ tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.

⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁰ tn This is a collective singular in Greek.

¹¹ tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”

¹² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

¹⁴ tn Grk “fell upon.”

¹⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

¹⁶ tn Though the nearest antecedent to the subject of ἤκουσαν (hkousan) is the people (“those who were watching them”), it could also be (based on what immediately follows) that the two prophets are the ones who heard the voice.

¹⁷ tn Grk “they”; the referent (the two prophets) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁸ tn The conjunction καί (kai) seems to be introducing a temporal clause contemporaneous in time with the preceding clause.

¹⁹ tn Or “dwelling place”; traditionally, “tabernacle”; literally “tent.”

²⁰ tn Or “people”; Grk “men” (ἀνθρώπων, anqrwpwn), a generic use of the term. In the translation “human beings” was used here because “people” occurs later in the verse and translates a different Greek word (λαοί, laoi).

²¹ tn Grk “men, and he.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

²² tc ‡ Most mss (א Ï^K) do not add the words “[as] their God” (αὐτῶν θεός, autwn qeos) after “he will be with them.” The mss with these words include A 2030 2050 2329 al. The Andreas group (Ï^A) also has the words, but in a different arrangement with the preceding (ἔσται μετ᾿ αὐτῶν θεὸς αὐτῶν, estai met’ autwn qeo" autwn). Not only do the words float, but scribes may have been motivated to make a connection here more directly with Isa 7:14; 8:8; Jer 24:7; 31:33; Zech 8:8. In light of sufficient external evidence as well as the possibility that the longer reading is theologically motivated, the shorter reading is preferred. NA²⁷ places the words in brackets, indicating doubts as to their authenticity.

²³ tn Or “I am John, the one who heard and saw these things.”

²⁴ tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

²⁵ tn Grk “I fell down and worshiped at the feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”