Discovery BoxRevelation 5:8-10 
Context5:8 and when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders threw themselves to the ground 1 before the Lamb. Each 2 of them had a harp and golden bowls full of incense (which are the prayers of the saints). 3 5:9 They were singing a new song: 4
“You are worthy to take the scroll
and to open its seals
because you were killed, 5
and at the cost of your own blood 6 you have purchased 7 for God
persons 8 from every tribe, language, 9 people, and nation.
5:10 You have appointed 10 them 11 as a kingdom and priests 12 to serve 13 our God, and they will reign 14 on the earth.”
1 tn Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
2 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
3 sn This interpretive comment by the author forms a parenthesis in the narrative.
4 tn The redundant participle λέγοντες (legontes) has not been translated here.
5 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
6 tn The preposition ἐν (en) is taken to indicate price here, like the Hebrew preposition ב (bet) does at times. BDAG 329 s.v. ἐν 5.b states, “The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).”
7 tc The Greek text as it stands above (i.e., the reading τῷ θεῷ [tw qew] alone) is found in codex A. א 2050 2344 Ï sy add the term “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas), either before or after τῷ θεῷ, as an attempt to clarify the object of “purchased” (ἠγόρασας, hgorasa"). A few
8 tn The word “persons” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
9 tn Grk “and language,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
10 tn The verb ἐποίησας (epoihsas) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14.
11 tc The vast majority of witnesses have αὐτούς (autous, “them”) here, while the Textus Receptus reads ἡμᾶς (Jhmas, “us”) with insignificant support (pc gig vgcl sa Prim Bea). There is no question that the original text read αὐτούς here.
12 tn The reference to “kingdom and priests” may be a hendiadys: “priestly kingdom.”
13 tn The words “to serve” are not in the Greek text, but are implied by the word “priests.”
14 tc The textual problem here between the present tense βασιλεύουσιν (basileuousin, “they are reigning”; so A 1006 1611 ÏK pc) and the future βασιλεύσουσιν (basileusousin, “they will reign”; so א 1854 2053 ÏA pc lat co) is a difficult one. Both readings have excellent support. On the one hand, the present tense seems to be the harder reading in this context. On the other hand, codex A elsewhere mistakes the future for the present (20:6). Further, the lunar sigma in uncial script could have been overlooked by some scribes, resulting in the present tense. All things considered, there is a slight preference for the future.
