¹ tn Or “obey.” For the translation of τηρέω (threw) as “obey” see L&N 36.19. In the Greek there is a wordplay: “because you have kept my word…I will keep you,” though the meaning of τηρέω is different each time.

² tn The Greek term λόγον (logon) is understood here in the sense of admonition or encouragement.

³ tn Or “to persevere.” Here ὑπομονῆς (Jupomonhs) has been translated as a genitive of reference/respect related to τὸν λόγον (ton logon).

⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁵ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the war in heaven.

⁷ tn Grk “it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁸ tn The prepositional phrase “since the foundation of the world” is traditionally translated as a modifier of the immediately preceding phrase in the Greek text, “the Lamb who was killed” (so also G. B. Caird, Revelation [HNTC], 168), but it is more likely that the phrase “since the foundation of the world” modifies the verb “written” (as translated above). Confirmation of this can be found in Rev 17:8 where the phrase “written in the book of life since the foundation of the world” occurs with no ambiguity.

⁹ tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”