Discovery BoxRevelation 20:4 
Context20:4 Then 1 I saw thrones and seated on them were those who had been given authority to judge. 2 I also saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of the testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. These 3 had not worshiped the beast or his image and had refused to receive his mark on their forehead or hand. They 4 came to life 5 and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
Revelation 20:11
Context20:11 Then 6 I saw a large 7 white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven 8 fled 9 from his presence, and no place was found for them.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
2 tn Grk “I saw thrones, and those seated on them, and judgment was given to them.” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 3 says, “judging, judgment, the κρίμα ἐδόθη αὐτοῖς authority to judge was given to them Rv 20:4.”
3 tn Grk “God, and who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “these” as subject.
4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
5 tn On the use of the aorist ἔζησαν (ezhsan) BDAG 425 s.v. ζάω 1.a.β says, “of dead persons who return to life become alive again: of humans in general (3 Km 17:23) Mt 9:18; Ac 9:41; 20:12; Rv 20:4, 5.”
6 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
7 tn Traditionally, “great,” but μέγας (megas) here refers to size rather than importance.
8 tn Or “and the sky.” The same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky,” and context usually determines which is meant. In this apocalyptic scene, however, it is difficult to be sure what referent to assign the term.
9 tn Or “vanished.”
sn The phrase the earth and the heaven fled from his presence can be understood (1) as visual imagery representing the fear of corruptible matter in the presence of God, but (2) it can also be understood more literally as the dissolution of the universe as we know it in preparation for the appearance of the new heaven and new earth (Rev 21:1).
