¹ tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

² tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.

³ tn Grk “to it was granted.”

⁴ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

⁵ tn Grk “and it was given to him to go to war.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁶ tc Many mss omit the phrase “it was given to make war with the saints and to overcome them” (Ì⁴⁷ A C 2053 Ï^A sa). It is, however, found in Ì^115vid א 051 1006 (1611) 1841 (1854) 2329 2344 2351 (Ï^K) lat sy^ph,(h) bo. Although the ms evidence is somewhat in favor of the shorter reading, the support of ̹¹⁵ (a recently-discovered ms) for the longer reading balances things out. Normally, the shorter reading should be given preference. However, in an instance in which homoioteleuton could play a role, caution must be exercised. In this passage, accidental omission is quite likely. That this could have happened seems apparent from the two occurrences of the identical phrase “and it was given to him” (καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ, kai edoqh autw) in v. 7. The scribe’s eye skipped over the first καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ and went to the second, hence creating an accidental omission of eleven words.

⁷ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

⁸ tn Grk “and people,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.

⁹ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹⁰ tn On the use of the masculine pronoun to refer to the beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.

¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹² tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹³ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.

¹⁵ tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.

¹⁶ tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”

¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.

¹⁸ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

²⁰ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

²¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

²² tn Grk “saying.”

²³ tn Or “dominion.”

²⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

²⁵ tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.

²⁶ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

²⁷ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.

²⁸ tn Or “who accuses them continually.”