Discovery BoxProverbs 1:25 
Context1:25 because 1 you neglected 2 all my advice,
and did not comply 3 with my rebuke,
Proverbs 1:29
Context1:29 Because 4 they hated moral knowledge, 5
and did not choose to fear the Lord, 6
Proverbs 4:2
Context4:2 Because I give 7 you good instruction, 8
do not forsake my teaching.
Proverbs 4:13
Context4:13 Hold on to instruction, 9 do not let it go;
protect it, 10 because it is your life.
Proverbs 16:12
Context16:12 Doing wickedness 11 is an abomination to kings,
because a throne 12 is established in righteousness.
Proverbs 23:21
Context23:21 because drunkards and gluttons become impoverished,
and drowsiness 13 clothes them with rags. 14
Proverbs 24:19
Context24:19 Do not fret because of evil people
or be envious of wicked people,
1 tn Heb “and.”
2 tn The verb III פָּרַע means “to let go; to let alone” (BDB 828 s.v.). It can refer to unkempt hair of the head (Lev 10:6) or lack of moral restraint: “to let things run free” (Exod 32:25; Prov 28:19). Here it means “to avoid, neglect” the offer of wisdom (BDB 829 s.v. 2).
3 tn The verbs are characteristic perfects or indefinite pasts. For the word “comply, consent,” see 1:20.
4 tn The causal particle תַּחַת כִּי (takhat ki, “for the reason that”) introduces a second accusation of sin and reason for punishment.
5 tn Heb “knowledge.” The noun דָעַת (da’at, “knowledge”) refers to moral knowledge. See note on 1:7.
6 tn Heb “the fear of the
7 tn The perfect tense has the nuance of instantaneous perfect; the sage is now calling the disciples to listen. It could also be a perfect of resolve, indicating what he is determined to do.
8 tn The word לֶקַח (leqakh, “instruction”) can be subjective (instruction acquired) or objective (the thing being taught). The latter fits best here.
9 tn Heb “discipline.”
10 tn The form נִצְּרֶהָ (nitsÿreha, from נָצַר, natsar) has an anomalous doubled letter (see GKC 73 §20.h).
11 sn The “wickedness” mentioned here (רֶשַׁע, resha’) might better be understood as a criminal act, for the related word “wicked” can also mean the guilty criminal. If a king is trying to have a righteous administration, he will detest any criminal acts.
12 tn The “throne” represents the administration, or the decisions made from the throne by the king, and so the word is a metonymy of adjunct (cf. NLT “his rule”).
13 tn Here “drowsiness” is a metonymy of effect or adjunct, put for the drunkenness and gluttony that causes it. So all of it, the drunkenness and the drowsiness that comes from it, brings on the ruin (cf. CEV “you will end up poor”). Likewise, “rags” is a metonymy of adjunct, associated with the poverty brought on by a dissolute lifestyle.
14 sn This is the fourteenth saying, warning about poor associations. Drunkenness and gluttony represent the epitome of the lack of discipline. In the Mishnah they are used to measure a stubborn and rebellious son (m. Sanhedrin 8). W. G. Plaut notes that excessive drinking and eating are usually symptoms of deeper problems; we usually focus more on the drinking because it is dangerous to others (Proverbs, 241-42).
