Discovery BoxJoshua 12:1-20 
Context12:1 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land 1 on the east side of the Jordan, 2 from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah:
12:2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived 3 in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) – including the city in the middle of the valley 4 and half of Gilead – all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 12:3 His kingdom included 5 the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth 6 to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), 7 including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.
12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, 8 who lived 9 in Ashtaroth and Edrei 12:5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.
12:6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land 10 to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
12:7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes, 11 12:8 including the hill country, the lowlands, 12 the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev – the land of 13 the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:
12:9 the king of Jericho 14 (one),
the king of Ai – located near Bethel – (one),
12:10 the king of Jerusalem 15 (one),
the king of Hebron (one),
12:11 the king of Jarmuth (one),
the king of Lachish (one),
12:12 the king of Eglon (one),
the king of Gezer (one),
12:13 the king of Debir (one),
the king of Geder (one),
12:14 the king of Hormah (one),
the king of Arad (one),
12:15 the king of Libnah (one),
the king of Adullam (one),
12:16 the king of Makkedah (one),
the king of Bethel 16 (one),
12:17 the king of Tappuah (one),
the king of Hepher (one),
12:18 the king of Aphek (one),
the king of Lasharon (one),
12:19 the king of Madon (one),
the king of Hazor 17 (one),
12:20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),
the king of Acshaph (one),
1 tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”
2 tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”
3 tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”
4 tc The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.
5 tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
6 sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.
7 sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.
8 tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”
sn The Rephaites were apparently an extremely tall ethnic group. See Deut 2:10-11, 20; 3:11.
9 tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”
10 tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”
11 tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”
12 tn Or “the foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”
13 tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
14 map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.
15 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
16 map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.
