¹ tn Or “the Jewish authorities”; Grk “the Jews.” In NT usage the term ᾿Ιουδαῖοι (Ioudaioi) may refer to the entire Jewish people, the residents of Jerusalem and surrounding territory, the authorities in Jerusalem, or merely those who were hostile to Jesus. Here the author refers to the Jewish authorities or leaders in Jerusalem. (For further information see R. G. Bratcher, “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John,” BT 26 [1975]: 401-9).

² tn Or “pallet,” “mattress,” “cot,” or “stretcher.” See the note on “mat” in v. 8.

³ tn The words “these things” are not present in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, and must be supplied for the English reader.

⁴ tn Or “hard,” “demanding.”

⁵ tn Or “teaching”; Grk “word.”

⁶ tn Or “obey it”; Grk “hear it.” The Greek word ἀκούω (akouw) could imply hearing with obedience here, in the sense of “obey.” It could also point to the acceptance of what Jesus had just said, (i.e., “who can accept what he said?” However, since the context contains several replies by those in the crowd of hearers that suggest uncertainty or confusion over the meaning of what Jesus had said (6:42; 6:52), the meaning “understand” is preferred here.

⁷ tn Or “from the sky” (see note on 1:32).

⁸ tn “It” is not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.

⁹ tn “It” is not in the Greek text. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context.